Il fruttivendolo pesa le mele sulla bilancia e mi dà il sacchetto.

Il is the masculine singular definite article, meaning the.

In Il fruttivendolo, it tells you we are talking about the greengrocer / the fruit seller, not just any one in general. Italian uses articles very regularly, often more than English does.

Fruttivendolo literally refers to a person who sells fruit, but in everyday Italian it often means a greengrocer or fruit-and-vegetable seller.

It is a masculine singular noun:

• il fruttivendolo = the male seller / the greengrocer
• la fruttivendola = the female seller
• i fruttivendoli = the plural

Pesare is the infinitive, meaning to weigh.

In the sentence, the verb is conjugated:

• io peso = I weigh
• tu pesi = you weigh
• lui/lei pesa = he/she weighs

So Il fruttivendolo pesa means The greengrocer weighs.

Mele is the plural of mela:

• la mela = the apple
• le mele = the apples

Because mela is feminine, its plural article is le.

So:

• masculine singular: il / lo
• masculine plural: i / gli
• feminine singular: la
• feminine plural: le

Sulla is a combination of:

• su = on
• la = the

So:

• su + la = sulla

Italian often combines prepositions with definite articles:

• su + il = sul
• su + lo = sullo
• su + la = sulla
• su + i = sui
• su + gli = sugli
• su + le = sulle

Because bilancia is feminine singular and has the article la, you get sulla bilancia = on the scale.

Italian usually uses definite articles more often than English.

So Italian naturally says:

• sulla bilancia = on the scale
• il sacchetto = the bag

Even when English might say something like on scales or just gives me a bag, Italian often prefers a more specific, article-based structure.

In this sentence, il sacchetto suggests the bag associated with the purchase—the one the seller is handing over.

Mi means to me here.

So:

• dà = gives
• mi dà = gives me / gives to me

It is an indirect object pronoun. Other forms are:

• mi = to me
• ti = to you
• gli / le = to him / to her
• ci = to us
• vi = to you all
• gli = to them

Italian usually puts these short pronouns before the conjugated verb:

• mi dà
• ti dà
• ci dà

The accent distinguishes dà (from the verb dare, he/she gives) from da (the preposition from, by, or sometimes at depending on context).

So:

• da = from / by
• dà = gives

This accent is very important in writing because it prevents confusion.

Both are possible, but mi dà il sacchetto is the normal, natural way to say it.

Italian usually prefers the unstressed pronoun before the verb:

• mi dà il sacchetto = he gives me the bag

If you say dà il sacchetto a me, it sounds more emphatic, as if you are stressing to me in particular.

So:

• mi dà il sacchetto = neutral, everyday
• dà il sacchetto a me = emphatic or contrastive

Actually, the subject is already expressed as Il fruttivendolo.

Also, Italian often does not need subject pronouns like he, she, or they, because the verb ending usually makes the subject clear.

For example:

• pesa already means he/she weighs
• dà already means he/she gives

Here, since Il fruttivendolo is stated, there is no need to add lui.

Italian often uses the present tense to describe a normal action happening now, just like English can:

• Il fruttivendolo pesa le mele = The greengrocer weighs the apples
• e mi dà il sacchetto = and gives me the bag

This is standard present-tense narration of a simple action sequence.

Yes, e sometimes becomes ed before a word beginning with e, mainly to avoid awkward sound repetition:

• ed è
• ed ero

But in modern Italian, ed is used less often than learners sometimes expect. Here the next word is mi, not a word beginning with e, so simple e is correct:

• ... bilancia e mi dà ...

Yes. Sacchetto literally has the diminutive ending -etto, so historically it suggests a small bag. But in everyday usage it often simply means bag, especially in shopping contexts.

So in a sentence like this, il sacchetto is naturally understood as the bag the seller hands over for the apples.

Yes:

• Il = the
• fruttivendolo = greengrocer / fruit seller
• pesa = weighs
• le = the
• mele = apples
• sulla = on the
• bilancia = scale
• e = and
• mi = to me / me
• dà = gives
• il = the
• sacchetto = bag

This kind of word-by-word breakdown is useful, but remember that the natural units are:

• Il fruttivendolo
• pesa le mele
• sulla bilancia
• e mi dà il sacchetto

Thinking in chunks like this helps your Italian sound more natural.