Il trapano fa troppo rumore, ma senza le viti nuove il mobile non resta fermo.

In Italian, singular countable nouns usually need an article more often than in English.

• il trapano = the drill
• il mobile = the piece of furniture / the cabinet

English sometimes drops articles in more general statements, but Italian often keeps them. Here, the speaker is talking about a specific drill and a specific item of furniture, so il is natural.

Both ideas are possible in Italian, but fare rumore is a very common expression meaning to make noise.

• Il trapano fa rumore = The drill makes noise / is noisy
• Il trapano è rumoroso = The drill is noisy

With troppo, fa troppo rumore sounds very natural and idiomatic:

• fa troppo rumore = makes too much noise

So this is not a literal word-for-word match with English, but it is standard Italian.

Here troppo means too much.

• troppo rumore = too much noise

Because rumore is a noun, troppo works like a quantity word here. Compare:

• troppo rumore = too much noise
• troppo rumoroso = too noisy

So the placement depends on what troppo is modifying:

• before a noun: troppo rumore
• before an adjective: troppo rumoroso

Senza means without.

• senza le viti nuove = without the new screws

It introduces the condition that causes the problem in the second clause:

• without the new screws, the furniture does not stay still / stable

It is followed directly by a noun phrase, just like without in English.

Both are possible, but they can sound slightly different.

• le viti nuove is the more neutral, common order here: the new screws
• le nuove viti can sound a bit more emphatic or contrastive, as if distinguishing them from old screws

In Italian, many adjectives can come either before or after the noun, but the position may affect tone or emphasis. In this sentence, le viti nuove is very natural.

Also notice agreement:

• viti is feminine plural
• so the article is le
• and the adjective becomes nuove

Yes, senza viti nuove is also possible, but it means something slightly different.

• senza le viti nuove = without the new screws
  This suggests specific screws, probably ones already known in the situation.
• senza viti nuove = without new screws
  This is more general and less specific.

So the article le helps show that these are particular screws, not just screws in general.

Restare fermo means to remain still / stay steady / stay in place.

• è fermo = it is still / stable
• resta fermo = it stays still / remains stable

In this sentence, the idea is not just the furniture’s state, but whether it continues to stay fixed. That is why resta fermo works well.

You could also hear:

• non rimane fermo
  This is very similar in meaning.

Because fermo agrees with il mobile, which is masculine singular.

• il mobile = masculine singular
• therefore: fermo = masculine singular adjective

Compare:

• il mobile resta fermo
• la sedia resta ferma
• i mobili restano fermi
• le sedie restano ferme

Agreement is very important in Italian adjectives.

No. Here mobile is a noun, not an adjective.

• il mobile = the piece of furniture / cabinet / cupboard

This is a common vocabulary point because it looks like the English word mobile, but it means furniture item.

Italian also has mobile as an adjective meaning movable, but in this sentence the article il and the context show that it is a noun.

In Italian, standard negation usually puts non directly before the verb.

• resta = stays
• non resta = does not stay

So:

• il mobile non resta fermo = the furniture does not stay still / stable

This is the normal way to make a sentence negative in Italian.

Italian word order is flexible. The sentence starts with senza le viti nuove to highlight the condition first:

• Without the new screws, the furniture does not stay stable

You could also say:

• Il mobile non resta fermo senza le viti nuove

That version is also correct. The original order gives a little more emphasis to the cause or missing element: without the new screws.

Yes, very closely.

• ma = but

It connects two contrasting ideas:

• Il trapano fa troppo rumore
• ma senza le viti nuove il mobile non resta fermo

So the speaker is expressing a problem and then a contrasting problem or limitation: the drill is too noisy, but without the new screws the furniture will not stay stable.

It sounds perfectly normal and natural. It is not especially formal.

A speaker might also say:

• Il trapano fa un rumore tremendo, ma senza le viti nuove il mobile non sta fermo.
• Il trapano è troppo rumoroso, ma senza le viti nuove il mobile non resta fermo.

The given sentence is clear, idiomatic, and standard Italian. The only thing to notice is that resta fermo is slightly more deliberate than sta fermo, but both are common depending on context.