Það er líklegt að hún komi samt, þó að það rigni.

Because both verbs are in the subjunctive.

In this sentence, Icelandic uses the subjunctive after:

• líklegt að = likely that
• þó að = although / even though

So:

• hún komi = that she come / that she will come
• það rigni = that it rain / that it is raining

The indicative forms would be:

• hún kemur
• það rignir

A learner should notice that certain expressions regularly trigger the subjunctive, and this sentence gives you two of them in one example.

There are actually two different uses of að here.

1. In líklegt að hún komi

   • að introduces a content clause: that she may come / that she will come

2. In þó að það rigni

   • þó að is a fixed conjunction meaning although / even though

So the first að is basically that, while the second is part of the conjunction þó að.

The two instances of það do different jobs.

1. Það er líklegt ...

   • This is an impersonal/dummy subject.
   • It works like English it in It is likely...
   • It does not refer to a thing.

2. þó að það rigni

   • This is also like English it in it is raining
   • Weather verbs often use this kind of subject in Icelandic too.

So both are grammatical placeholders rather than real, concrete it.

Samt means still, anyway, or all the same.

In this sentence it modifies the idea of coming:

• hún komi samt = she may come anyway / she will still come

Its placement is very natural in Icelandic. It often appears after the verb in a subordinate clause, though word order can shift slightly depending on emphasis.

Compare the feel of:

• hún komi samt = neutral, common
• samt komi hún = much more marked, usually for stylistic or emphatic purposes

So here samt simply adds the idea despite that, still.

Because Icelandic subordinate clauses often have their own normal internal word order, and it does not always match English exactly.

Here:

• að introduces the clause
• hún is the subject
• komi is the verb
• samt is an adverb

So the structure is straightforward:

• að + subject + verb + adverb

English might also allow that she will still come, where still comes before the main verb. Icelandic often places adverbs differently, so it is best to learn the clause as natural Icelandic word order rather than trying to map each word directly from English.

Very often, yes.

Þó að commonly introduces a concessive clause, and the subjunctive is standard in that kind of clause:

• þó að það rigni = although it is raining / even if it rains

In actual usage, learners may sometimes encounter variation, especially in informal language, but the safe rule is:

• after þó að, expect the subjunctive

So this sentence is a very standard example.

Yes. Þótt is a common alternative to þó að and means much the same thing: although / though / even if.

So you could also see:

• Það er líklegt að hún komi samt, þótt það rigni.

This is very natural Icelandic. In many contexts, þó að and þótt are interchangeable, though style and frequency can vary by speaker and register.

Hún is nominative singular, because it is the subject of the verb komi.

The basic pronoun forms are:

• hún = nominative
• hana = accusative
• henni = dative
• hennar = genitive

Since she is the one doing the coming, Icelandic uses the nominative:

• að hún komi

The base verb is koma = to come.

Komi is the present subjunctive, 3rd person singular.

A useful comparison is:

• infinitive: koma
• present indicative: kemur = comes
• present subjunctive: komi

This change is not completely predictable from English, so it is worth memorizing common verb patterns. Koma is an especially common verb, so seeing komi often will help it feel natural.

Not in a visible way here, because it appears in the neuter singular form líklegt in the impersonal structure:

• Það er líklegt að ...
• literally, It is likely that ...

This is a very common Icelandic pattern:

• Það er gott að... = It is good that...
• Það er skrýtið að... = It is strange that...
• Það er líklegt að... = It is likely that...

The adjective is in the neuter singular because of the impersonal það er ... structure.

Normally, in this structure, no.

Icelandic usually needs that impersonal það in:

• Það er líklegt að ...

Just as English says It is likely that..., Icelandic says Það er líklegt að...

If you wanted to avoid that structure, you would usually rewrite the whole sentence rather than simply removing það.

It can feel like either, depending on context.

• hún komi can mean she is likely to come or she will likely come
• það rigni can mean it is raining or, in some contexts, it may be raining / even if it rains

Icelandic present forms often cover territory that English splits between present and future. So the exact time reference comes from context rather than from a special future tense form.