בשיעור הזה אין חובה לענות מיד, אבל חשוב לקרוא את השאלה עד הסוף.

In Hebrew, words like this and that usually come after the noun they describe.

So:

• השיעור הזה = this lesson / this class
• השאלה הזאת = this question

That is the normal Hebrew order, unlike English.

Here it includes the.

בשיעור הזה is understood as:

• ב־ = in
• ה־ = the
• שיעור = lesson/class

So the full idea is in this lesson. In standard pronunciation, this is typically said as ba-shi'ur ha-ze, not just be-shi'ur.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Common meanings of שיעור include:

• lesson
• class
• lecture
• sometimes amount/measure in other contexts

In this sentence, lesson or class session fits best.

Because אין is used to mean there is no / there are not / there isn’t.

So:

• אין חובה = there is no obligation

Hebrew often uses אין where English uses there is no.
By contrast, לא usually negates verbs or whole clauses:

• לא קוראים = we/people do not read
• לא עונים = we/people do not answer

So אין חובה is the natural way to say there is no obligation.

Yes. That is a very natural English way to express it.

Literally, it is closer to:

• There is no obligation to answer immediately

But in normal English, that often becomes:

• You don’t have to answer right away

The nuance is important: it means not required, not not allowed.

Because they are infinitives: to answer and to read.

In Hebrew, the infinitive usually begins with ל־.

So:

• לענות = to answer
• לקרוא = to read

This is very common after words like:

• חובה = obligation
• חשוב = important

So:

• חובה לענות = an obligation to answer
• חשוב לקרוא = it is important to read

מיד means immediately, right away, or at once.

So:

• לענות מיד = to answer immediately

It is stronger than just now.
For example:

• עכשיו = now
• מיד = right away / immediately

Hebrew does not need a dummy subject like English it in this kind of sentence.

English says:

• It is important to read

Hebrew simply says:

• חשוב לקרוא
• literally: important to read

Also, חשוב is in the masculine singular form because that is the default form in many impersonal expressions like this.

את marks a definite direct object.

It does not get translated into English, but it is a very important Hebrew grammar marker.

So:

• לקרוא את השאלה = to read the question

Because השאלה is definite (the question), Hebrew uses את before it.

Compare:

• לקרוא שאלה = to read a question
• לקרוא את השאלה = to read the question

Because the sentence is talking about a specific question, not just any question.

• שאלה = a question
• השאלה = the question

Since the learner is supposed to read a particular question all the way through, Hebrew uses the definite form השאלה.

Literally, עד הסוף means until the end.

In natural English, it often means:

• all the way through
• to the very end
• completely

So:

• לקרוא את השאלה עד הסוף = to read the question all the way through

This is a very common Hebrew expression.

No. לקרוא can also mean to call.

For example:

• לקרוא ספר = to read a book
• לקרוא למישהו = to call someone

In this sentence, because the object is את השאלה (the question), the meaning is clearly to read.