Die Ärztin legt ihre Hand auf meine Stirn und sagt, dass ich zu Hause bleiben soll.

Ärztin is the feminine form of Arzt and means female doctor.

• der Arzt = male doctor
• die Ärztin = female doctor

German often makes feminine job titles by adding -in:

• Lehrer → Lehrerin
• Arzt → Ärztin

Notice that Arzt also changes its vowel to Ä in the feminine form: Arzt → Ärztin.

Because they are all nouns. In German, all nouns are capitalized, not just proper names.

So:

• die Ärztin
• die Hand
• die Stirn
• das Haus → in the expression zu Hause

This is one of the most noticeable spelling differences between English and German.

Here legt ihre Hand auf meine Stirn means places/puts her hand on my forehead.

The verb is legen, which usually means to lay, to put, or to place something somewhere.

A useful contrast is:

• legen = to lay/put something somewhere
• liegen = to be lying

So:

• Die Ärztin legt ihre Hand auf meine Stirn. = The doctor places her hand on my forehead.
• Ihre Hand liegt auf meiner Stirn. = Her hand is lying on my forehead.

It can mean either her or their, depending on context.

In this sentence, it means her, because the subject is die Ärztin, a singular female doctor.

So:

• ihre Hand = her hand

German possessive words can be ambiguous by themselves, so you often rely on context.

Because auf can take either the accusative or the dative, depending on meaning.

A common rule is:

• accusative = movement toward a place
• dative = location in a place

Here the hand is being moved onto the forehead, so German uses the accusative:

• auf meine Stirn = onto my forehead

Compare:

• Sie legt ihre Hand auf meine Stirn. = She places her hand onto my forehead. → accusative
• Ihre Hand liegt auf meiner Stirn. = Her hand is on my forehead. → dative

This is a very common pattern with prepositions like auf, in, unter, über, etc.

meine is the accusative feminine form of mein.

That is because:

• Stirn is feminine: die Stirn
• auf here takes the accusative
• so the possessive must match: meine Stirn

You can think of it like this:

• nominative: meine Stirn
• accusative: meine Stirn
• dative: meiner Stirn

For feminine nouns, nominative and accusative often look the same, which can be confusing at first.

Because zu Hause means at home, while nach Hause means to home / homeward.

With bleiben meaning to stay/remain, German uses zu Hause:

• zu Hause bleiben = to stay at home

Compare:

• Ich bleibe zu Hause. = I’m staying at home.
• Ich gehe nach Hause. = I’m going home.

So in this sentence, the doctor says I should stay at home, not go home.

Because dass introduces a subordinate clause, and in German those are normally separated by a comma.

So the sentence is split like this:

• Die Ärztin ... sagt,
• dass ich zu Hause bleiben soll.

This comma is required in standard German.

This is a very common question.

• dass = that as a conjunction
• das = the (neuter article) or that/which as a pronoun

In your sentence, dass is correct because it introduces what the doctor says:

• Sie sagt, dass ... = She says that ...

Examples:

• Ich weiß, dass er kommt. = I know that he is coming.
• Das Buch ist gut. = The book is good.
• Das ist schön. = That is nice.

A quick trick: if English could use that to connect two clauses, German often uses dass.

Because dass sends the verb to the end of the clause.

In a normal main clause, German usually has the finite verb in second position:

• Ich soll zu Hause bleiben.

But after dass, the clause becomes subordinate, and the verb moves to the end:

• ..., dass ich zu Hause bleiben soll.

With a modal verb plus another verb:

• bleiben = infinitive
• soll = conjugated modal verb

In subordinate clauses, the conjugated modal goes to the very end.

Because bleiben is an infinitive used with the modal verb soll.

German modal verbs work like English ones:

• I should stay
• ich soll bleiben

The modal verb is the one that gets conjugated:

• ich soll
• du sollst
• er/sie soll

The second verb stays in the infinitive:

• ich soll bleiben
• ..., dass ich bleiben soll

So bleiben is correct here.

Not exactly.

soll usually means something like:

• should
• am supposed to
• am told to

In this sentence, it sounds like the doctor’s recommendation or instruction:

• dass ich zu Hause bleiben soll = that I should stay at home

It is usually softer than muss:

• ich soll zu Hause bleiben = I should / I’m supposed to stay home
• ich muss zu Hause bleiben = I must stay home

So soll fits well because it reflects advice or instruction from the doctor.

Because German often uses possessive words naturally in this kind of sentence, especially when it is important whose body part or object is involved.

So:

• ihre Hand = her hand
• meine Stirn = my forehead

German sometimes uses the definite article with body parts in other structures, especially with reflexive verbs:

• Ich wasche mir die Hände. = I wash my hands.

But in your sentence, ihre Hand and meine Stirn sound completely natural and clear.

Yes, very common.

Many verbs of speaking, thinking, knowing, or feeling are followed by a dass clause:

• Er sagt, dass ... = He says that ...
• Ich glaube, dass ... = I believe that ...
• Sie weiß, dass ... = She knows that ...

So sagt, dass ich zu Hause bleiben soll is a very standard German structure.