Kannst du bitte im Kalender nachsehen, ob der Termin morgen ist?

Because this is a yes/no question.

In German, a direct yes/no question usually puts the finite verb first:

• Kannst du ... ? = Can you ... ?

If it were a statement, it would be:

• Du kannst ... = You can ...

So the first-position kannst is a normal question pattern.

Bitte makes the request sound more polite, like please in English.

Compare:

• Kannst du im Kalender nachsehen ... ? = Can you check the calendar ... ?
• Kannst du bitte im Kalender nachsehen ... ? = Can you please check the calendar ... ?

It softens the request and is very common in everyday German.

Im is just the contraction of in dem:

• in dem → im

So:

• im Kalender = in the calendar

German does this contraction very often with certain prepositions and articles. Here, im is the normal, natural form.

Here nachsehen means to check, to look something up, or to look and see.

So im Kalender nachsehen means something like:

• check in the calendar
• look it up in the calendar

It does not mean simply look after someone or something. In this context, it is about checking information.

Good question. Nachsehen is a separable verb.

When it is used as the main finite verb, it splits:

• Ich sehe im Kalender nach.

But here it comes after the modal verb kannst, so it stays in the infinitive form and does not split:

• Kannst du bitte im Kalender nachsehen ... ?

This is the normal rule with modal verbs:

• Ich kann nachsehen.
• Du musst anrufen.
• Wir wollen ausgehen.

Ob introduces an indirect yes/no question.

Here it means something like:

• whether
• sometimes close to if

So:

• ..., ob der Termin morgen ist
  = ..., whether the appointment is tomorrow

This is different from wenn, which usually means if/when in the sense of a condition:

• Wenn du Zeit hast, ruf mich an. = If you have time, call me.

But for whether something is true, German uses ob.

Because ob starts a subordinate clause, and in German subordinate clauses the finite verb usually goes to the end.

Main clause:

• Der Termin ist morgen.

Subordinate clause:

• ..., ob der Termin morgen ist.

So the verb moves to the end because of ob. This is one of the most important German word-order rules.

Because der Termin is the subject of the subordinate clause:

• der Termin morgen ist

The appointment is the thing that is tomorrow, so it is the subject, and the subject is in the nominative case.

That is why German uses:

• der Termin = nominative

Not:

• den Termin = accusative

Here it means tomorrow.

German morgen can mean two things depending on context:

• morgen = tomorrow
• morgens = in the mornings / every morning
• sometimes am Morgen = in the morning

In this sentence, because it talks about the date of an appointment, morgen clearly means tomorrow.

Because in the subordinate clause, the finite verb ist must go to the end, so other elements like morgen come before it:

• ..., ob der Termin morgen ist

You could think of the basic idea as:

• subject: der Termin
• time expression: morgen
• finite verb at the end: ist

That word order is normal in German subordinate clauses.

Yes, in many situations nachschauen works too.

For example:

• Kannst du bitte im Kalender nachschauen, ob der Termin morgen ist?

That sounds very natural as well. Both nachsehen and nachschauen can mean check/look it up here. Which one people prefer can depend a bit on region and style, but both are common.

Often yes, but it can be slightly broader.

Termin can mean:

• an appointment
• a scheduled meeting
• a date/time that has been fixed

So in many contexts, appointment is the best translation. But Termin is used quite broadly for anything scheduled.

Yes. If you want to be more formal, you would use Sie:

• Können Sie bitte im Kalender nachsehen, ob der Termin morgen ist?

Changes:

• kannst du → können Sie

Use du for informal situations, and Sie for formal ones, such as with strangers, customers, or professional settings.