Learn Hardcore French: Madame, pouvez-vous me donner un reçu, s'il vous plaît? - Ma’am, could you give me a receipt, please?

In French, object pronouns like me, te, lui, nous, vous, leur usually come before the verb phrase, not after the main verb the way English often does.

Here, me means to me.

me donner = to give me
literally, French places me before the infinitive structure

With pouvoir + infinitive, the object pronoun normally comes before the infinitive:

Pouvez-vous me donner... ?

This is very common:

Je vais te parler.
Elle peut nous aider.
Pouvez-vous lui répondre ?

Why is donner in the infinitive form?

Because it follows pouvoir.

In French, after verbs like pouvoir (can / to be able to), the next verb usually stays in the infinitive:

pouvoir donner = to be able to give
vouloir partir = to want to leave
devoir payer = to have to pay

So:

Pouvez-vous me donner... ? literally follows the pattern:
Can you give me... ?

The conjugated verb is pouvez and donner stays unconjugated.

What exactly does me mean here?

Here, me means to me.

The verb donner often works like this:

donner quelque chose à quelqu'un
to give something to someone

So:

donner un reçu à moi would be the full idea
but French normally replaces à moi with the pronoun me

That gives:

me donner un reçu = give me a receipt

In grammatical terms:

me is the indirect object pronoun
un reçu is the direct object

Why is it un reçu and not une reçu?

Because reçu is a masculine noun in French.

So the correct indefinite article is:

un reçu = a receipt

Not:

une reçu

You may notice that reçu also looks like a past participle of recevoir (received), and historically that is related, but here it is simply a noun meaning receipt.

What does the accent in reçu do?

The ç in reçu is called a c cédille.

Its job is to make the c sound like s before u.

So:

reçu is pronounced roughly like ruh-SOO

Without the cedilla, cu would normally sound with a hard k sound, which would be wrong here.

What does s'il vous plaît literally mean, and why is it used?

S'il vous plaît is the standard polite way to say please.

Literally, it comes from:

si = if
il = it
vous plaît = pleases you

So the literal idea is something like:

if it pleases you

But in normal usage, you should just think of it as please.

Because the speaker is using vous, the polite matching form is:

s'il vous plaît

With tu, it would be:

s'il te plaît

Is Madame necessary in this sentence?

No, it is not grammatically necessary, but it adds politeness and makes it clear the speaker is addressing a woman directly.

So both are possible:

Madame, pouvez-vous me donner un reçu, s'il vous plaît ?
Pouvez-vous me donner un reçu, s'il vous plaît ?

Using Madame is especially natural in a shop, hotel, office, or other formal situation.

Also notice the comma:

Madame, ... This is because Madame is a form of direct address.

Could I also say Est-ce que vous pouvez me donner un reçu ?

Yes. That is completely correct.

These are all possible:

Pouvez-vous me donner un reçu, s'il vous plaît ?
Formal, standard, slightly more polished
Est-ce que vous pouvez me donner un reçu, s'il vous plaît ?
Very common spoken and written question form
Vous pouvez me donner un reçu, s'il vous plaît ?
Common in speech, more conversational

All three mean essentially the same thing. The version in your sentence is simply a very polite and natural choice.

How would a French speaker likely pronounce the whole sentence?

A rough pronunciation guide for an English speaker would be:

ma-DAM, poo-vay VOO muh doh-NAY uh(n) ray-SOO, seel voo PLEH?

A few notes:

Madame: the final e is not strongly pronounced
pouvez-vous: the z in pouvez links smoothly into vous
me often sounds more like muh
un has a nasal vowel, which does not exist in English
reçu ends with -çu, sounding like soo
plaît sounds like pleh

You do not need a perfect accent at first; getting the rhythm and politeness right matters most.