J’ai mal à la poitrine quand je tousse trop fort, mais le médecin dit que ce n’est pas grave.

French usually expresses pain with avoir mal, literally to have pain.

So:

• j’ai mal = I’m in pain / it hurts
• j’ai mal à la tête = I have a headache
• j’ai mal à la poitrine = my chest hurts / I have chest pain

This is one of the most common French patterns for talking about pain.

After avoir mal, French normally uses à + definite article + body part.

So the pattern is:

• avoir mal à la tête
• avoir mal au dos
• avoir mal aux jambes
• avoir mal à la poitrine

Here, poitrine is feminine singular, so à + la poitrine becomes à la poitrine.

With body parts, French often uses the definite article (le, la, les) instead of a possessive adjective (mon, ma, mes) when it is already obvious whose body part is meant.

So French says:

• J’ai mal à la poitrine
• literally: I have pain in the chest

Even though English prefers my chest, French usually does not say ma poitrine here.

In this sentence, la poitrine means the chest.

It refers to the front part of the upper body. Depending on context, poitrine can sometimes overlap with breast/chest area, but here it clearly means chest in a medical sense.

So j’ai mal à la poitrine is a natural way to say I have chest pain or my chest hurts.

Because French often uses the present tense after quand when talking about something habitual, repeated, or generally true.

Here, the meaning is something like:

• when / whenever I cough too hard

It is not describing one single future event. It describes a recurring situation, so the present tense is natural.

It can feel like either in English, depending on context.

In this sentence, quand je tousse trop fort most naturally means:

• when I cough too hard
• or whenever I cough too hard

Because the sentence describes a repeated situation, whenever is often a good way to understand it.

Tousser means to cough.

It is an -er verb, but with a spelling change in some forms:

• je tousse
• tu tousses
• il/elle tousse
• nous toussons
• vous toussez
• ils/elles toussent

So je tousse simply means I cough or I am coughing, depending on context.

Here, trop fort means too hard, too strongly, or too forcefully.

So:

• je tousse trop fort = I cough too hard

French often uses fort with actions to mean strongly or hard:

• parler fort = to speak loudly
• frapper fort = to hit hard
• tousser fort = to cough hard

This is an important difference:

• très fort = very hard / very strongly
• trop fort = too hard / excessively hard

So in this sentence, trop fort suggests that the coughing is strong enough to cause pain.

Compare:

• Je tousse très fort = I’m coughing very hard
• Je tousse trop fort = I’m coughing too hard

Ce n’est pas grave is a very common French expression meaning:

• it’s not serious
• it’s nothing serious
• it’s not a big deal, depending on context

In medical context, grave means serious rather than grave in the English cemetery sense.

So here, the doctor is saying the problem is not serious.

French very often uses c’est / ce n’est pas to make general statements like:

• C’est important
• Ce n’est pas normal
• Ce n’est pas grave

Here, ce does not refer to a specific masculine noun. It works more like it / that in a general sense.

So ce n’est pas grave is the normal idiomatic way to say it’s not serious.

French often uses the definite article when the person is understood from context.

So le médecin dit que... can mean:

• the doctor says...
• and in context often effectively my doctor says...

If you want to be more explicit, you can say mon médecin, but le médecin is completely natural here.

This is called elision. In French, certain short words drop a vowel before a following vowel sound.

So:

• je ai becomes j’ai
• ne est becomes n’est

This happens because French prefers smoother pronunciation.

You will see this all the time:

• j’aime
• l’homme
• c’est
• n’est pas

Médecin is pronounced roughly like med-suh-san or med-sun, depending on how closely you want to imitate French sounds.

A few key points:

• the final -in is a nasal vowel
• the final n is not pronounced as a full English n
• the middle e is weak

So it does not sound like English medicine.

Yes, several.

For example:

• tousse: the final -e is silent
• trop: the final -p is usually silent
• fort: the final -t is usually silent
• grave: the final -e is silent
• mais: the final -s is silent

Also, in connected speech, French flows smoothly from word to word, so it is helpful to learn the sentence as a chunk rather than word by word.

Yes. In avoir mal, mal behaves like a noun meaning pain, even though mal can also be an adverb meaning badly in other contexts.

Compare:

• J’ai mal = I’m in pain
• Il chante mal = He sings badly

So the same word can have different roles depending on the expression.