Breakdown of ورزشکار از اینکه بدون حرکت کششی و گرم کردن به مفصل فشار بیاورد پرهیز میکند.
و
and
بهbe
to
ازaz
from
بدونbedun-e
without
اینکهin-ke
that (conjunction)
پرهیز کردنparhiz kardan
to avoid / to abstain
ورزشکارvarzeshkâr
athlete
حرکتharekat
movement, departure
مفصلmafsal
joint
گرم کردنgarm kardan
to warm up
کششیkesheshi
stretching (adjective)
فشار آوردنfeshâr âvardan
to apply pressure / to exert
Questions & Answers about ورزشکار از اینکه بدون حرکت کششی و گرم کردن به مفصل فشار بیاورد پرهیز میکند.
Why do we use از اینکه (az in-ke) followed by the subjunctive فشار بیاورد (feshār biāvarad)?
The verb پرهیز کردن (parhiz kardan), meaning "to avoid," requires the preposition از (az). When you avoid an action (rather than just a noun), Farsi bridges the preposition and the verb clause using اینکه (in-ke), literally meaning "from this that." Because avoiding an action involves intent and a hypothetical event rather than a realized fact, the following verb must take the present subjunctive form: فشار بیاورد (feshār biāvarad).
Why is "warming up" translated using the infinitive گرم کردن (garm kardan)?
In Farsi, the full infinitive form is often used exactly where English uses a gerund (an "-ing" verb acting as a noun). The word بدون (bedun-e), meaning "without," is a preposition that must be followed by a noun or noun phrase. Here, it naturally governs both the noun phrase حرکت کششی (stretching movement) and the infinitive گرم کردن (warming up).
How is the compound verb فشار بیاورد (feshār biāvarad) formed in this sentence?
The infinitive is فشار آوردن (feshār āvardan), meaning "to bring pressure." To form the present subjunctive to match the singular subject ورزشکار (varzeshkār), we keep the noun فشار (feshār) and conjugate the verbal part: the subjunctive prefix بـ (bi-) + present stem آور (āvar) + third-person singular ending ـَد (-ad).
Which preposition connects the verb for "putting pressure" to its target ("the joint")?
The compound verb فشار آوردن (feshār āvardan) requires the preposition به (be) to show where the pressure is applied. Even though we say "on the joint" in English, Farsi says به مفصل (be mafsal), literally meaning "to the joint." As is typical in Farsi word order, this prepositional phrase is placed right before the compound verb it modifies.
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