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### The Present Passive Voice

In Persian, the passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than who is performing it—like saying "the beans are picked" instead of "the farmers pick the beans."

To form the present passive voice for simple verbs, combine the **past participle** of the main verb with the present tense of **شدن** (to become).

The past participle is simply the past stem of the verb plus an **ـه** (e). Because passive subjects are usually the things receiving the action, you will most often use the third-person singular (**می‌شود** / mi-shavad) or plural (**می‌شوند** / mi-shavand).

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### Compound Verbs in the Passive

Forming the passive for compound verbs that use **کردن** (to do/make) is even simpler. Instead of creating a past participle, you just replace **کردن** with **شدن**.

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You then conjugate the **شدن** portion to match whether the subject is singular or plural.

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The present passive voice (mi-shavad)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
bean / seed / grain	دانهdâne
First, the beans are picked from the farm.	اول دانه‌ها از مزرعه چیده می‌شوند.avval dâne-hâ az mazrae chide mishavand.
The coffee beans are washed with cold water.	دانه‌های قهوه با آب سرد شسته می‌شوند.dâne-hâ-ye ghahve bâ âb sard shoste mishavand.
to separate	جدا کردنjodâ kardan
These beans are separated.	این دانه‌ها جدا می‌شوند.in dâne-hâ jodâ mishavand.
temperature	دماdamâ
to roast	برشته کردنbereshte kardan
Are the beans roasted at a high temperature?	آیا دانه‌ها در دمای زیاد برشته می‌شوند؟âyâ dâne-hâ dar damâ-ye ziyâd bereshte mishavand?
to mix	مخلوط کردنmakhlut kardan
The coffee is mixed with sugar.	قهوه با شکر مخلوط می‌شود.qahve bâ shekar makhlut mishavad
dark (color)	تیرهtireh
The dark coffee is bitter.	قهوه‌ی تیره تلخ است.ghahve-ye tire talkh ast.
to grind	آسیاب کردنâsiyâb kardan
After the coffee becomes cold, it is ground.	بعد از اینکه قهوه سرد می‌شود، آسیاب می‌شود.ba'd az inke ghahve sard mishavad, âsiyâb mishavad.
bag (sack, plastic bag)	کیسهkise
The coffee is poured into the bags.	قهوه در کیسه‌ها ریخته می‌شود.ghahve dar kise-hâ rikhte mishavad.
to export	صادر کردنsâder kardan
These bags are exported to other cities.	این کیسه‌ها به شهرهای دیگر صادر می‌شوند.in kise-hâ be shahr-hâ-ye digar sâder mishavand.
Is this coffee mixed?	آیا این قهوه مخلوط می‌شود؟âyâ in qahve makhlut mishavad?
Are the bags closed well?	آیا کیسه‌ها خوب بسته می‌شوند؟âyâ kise-hâ khub baste mishavand?
taste (flavor)	طعمta'm
The taste of this coffee is very strong.	طعم این قهوه خیلی قوی است.ta'm-e in ghahve kheyli ghavi ast.
Iranian coffee is exported.	قهوه‌ی ایرانی صادر می‌شود.ghahve-ye irâni sâder mishavad.
After the coffee is ground, it is consumed.	بعد از اینکه قهوه آسیاب می‌شود، مصرف می‌شود.ba'd az inke qahve âsyâb mishavad, masraf mishavad.
At this temperature, the beans are roasted very fast.	در این دما، دانه‌ها خیلی سریع برشته می‌شوند.dar in damâ, dâne-hâ kheyli sari' bereshte mishavand.
The coffee is poured into the glasses.	قهوه در لیوان‌ها ریخته می‌شود.ghahve dar livân-hâ rikhte mishavad.
For a better flavor, the dark bean is separated.	برای طعم بهتر، دانه‌ی تیره جدا می‌شود.barâye ta'm behtar, dâne-ye tireh jodâ mishavad.

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