Breakdown of این کیسهها به شهرهای دیگر صادر میشوند.
این
this
شهرshahr
city
بهbe
to
دیگرdigar
other, else
کیسهkise
bag (sack, plastic bag)
صادر کردنsâder kardan
to export
Questions & Answers about این کیسهها به شهرهای دیگر صادر میشوند.
How does the passive voice work in صادر میشوند?
This is the present passive voice. The active verb "to export" is the compound verb صادر کردن (sader kardan). To make a compound verb passive, we replace کردن (to do/make) with شدن (to become). Because the subject کیسهها (bags) is plural, we use the third-person plural present form, میشوند (mi-shavand). Literally, it means "they become exported".
The lesson says to use a "past participle + shodan" for the passive voice, but صادر isn't a past participle. Why?
That rule applies mainly to simple verbs, where you take the past stem and add "e" (like نوشته شدن for "to be written"). But with compound verbs like صادر کردن, the first part (صادر) is already an adjective or noun (here meaning "exported"). You don't need to turn it into a past participle; you simply swap out the verb half of the compound with شدن.
Why is it این کیسهها (this bags) instead of اینها کیسهها (these bags)?
In Farsi, demonstrative adjectives like این (this/these) and آن (that/those) never take a plural marker when they are placed directly in front of a noun. The noun itself (کیسهها) shows that it is plural, so این stays in its singular form. You only use the plural اینها when the word stands completely alone as a pronoun (e.g., "These are mine").
Why is there a "ye" sound between شهرهای (cities) and دیگر (other)?
This is the Ezafe grammar rule, which links a noun to its adjective. The word for cities is شهرها (shahr-ha). Because the plural suffix ها ends in a vowel sound ("a"), the Ezafe is pronounced as "ye" and written with the letter ی at the end of the word, making it شهرهای دیگر (shahr-ha-ye digar).
What kind of bags are کیسهها?
The word کیسه (kise) usually refers to a sack, a plastic bag, or a cloth bag used for carrying goods, groceries, or materials. It is different from کیف (kif), which usually means a personal bag like a purse, briefcase, or backpack.
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