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Portuguese (Portugal)

### Working life

| word | meaning |
|---|---|
| **desempregado** | unemployed |
| **o empregado** | the employee; the waiter |
| **fazer greve** | to go on strike |
| **ter sucesso** | to be successful |

{{item:1029650}}

**O empregado** serves your bica and staffs the office alike. When work stops, *os trabalhadores fazem greve*; when it disappears, *estão desempregados*.

### School and forms

**chumbar** — to fail an exam or a school year, the EP word every student fears; **tomar notas** — to take notes; **inscrever-se** — to sign up, to enrol; **ter dificuldade em** — to have difficulty doing.

Portuguese paperwork asks two things forever: **a data de nascimento** and **o número de contribuinte** — the NIF, requested at every till. When you need cash: **levantar dinheiro** — to withdraw money (EP *levantar*, not *tirar*).


O trabalho e os papéis (chumbar, a greve)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
unemployed	desempregado
My brother is unemployed.	O meu irmão está desempregado.
There are many unemployed young people.	Há muitos jovens desempregados.
to fail (an exam, a year)	chumbar
He failed the maths exam.	Ele chumbou no exame de matemática.
If you don't study, you'll fail.	Se não estudares, chumbas.
to take notes	tomar notas
I take notes in every class.	Tomo notas em todas as aulas.
She takes notes on her phone.	Ela toma notas no telemóvel.
to be successful	ter sucesso
The shop has been doing well.	A loja tem tido sucesso.
You want to succeed? Work.	Queres ter sucesso? Trabalha.
to go on strike	fazer greve
The teachers are striking tomorrow.	Os professores fazem greve amanhã.
The drivers went on strike yesterday.	Os motoristas fizeram greve ontem.
the employee; the waiter	o empregado
The waiter brings the bill.	O empregado traz a conta.
The café has two new employees.	O café tem dois empregados novos.
to sign up, to enrol	inscrever-se
I signed up for a dance course.	Inscrevi-me num curso de dança.
She enrolled at the language school.	Ela inscreveu-se na escola de línguas.
to have difficulty (doing)	ter dificuldade em
I have trouble waking up early.	Tenho dificuldade em acordar cedo.
He has trouble saying no.	Ele tem dificuldade em dizer não.
the date of birth	a data de nascimento
Write your date of birth here.	Escreve aqui a tua data de nascimento.
What is your date of birth?	Qual é a sua data de nascimento?
the taxpayer number (NIF)	o número de contribuinte
Do you want your taxpayer number on the receipt?	Quer o número de contribuinte no recibo?
I don't know my taxpayer number by heart.	Não sei o meu número de contribuinte de cor.
to withdraw money	levantar dinheiro
I am going to withdraw money at the bank.	Vou levantar dinheiro ao banco.
I withdrew money this morning.	Levantei dinheiro esta manhã.

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