Breakdown of Il progetto a cui collaboriamo procede senza che lei interferisca.
lei
she
il progetto
project
a
to / at
cui
whom / which
collaborare
to collaborate
senza che
without (+ clause)
procedere
to proceed
interferire
to interfere
Questions & Answers about Il progetto a cui collaboriamo procede senza che lei interferisca.
Why do we use interferisca instead of the normal present tense interferisce?
Because of senza che! This phrase means "without" (literally "without that") and acts as a negative conjunction. It always triggers the subjunctive mood because it describes an action that isn't actually happening or hasn't been realized.
How is the subjunctive formed for the verb interferire here?
Interferire is an -isc- verb, similar to capire or finire. In the present subjunctive, these verbs keep the -isc- part for the io, tu, and lui/lei forms, and they all end in -a. Therefore, "she interferes" becomes lei interferisca.
The English translation says "collaborate on", so why does the Italian use a cui instead of su cui?
Verbs often take different prepositions in Italian than they do in English. The verb collaborare pairs with the preposition a when talking about a task or project (collaborare a un progetto). When using the relative pronoun cui (which), the preposition must go directly in front of it, giving us a cui (literally "to which").
Why is the subject pronoun lei explicitly included here?
It is used for clarity. In the present subjunctive, the io, tu, and lui/lei forms of a regular verb are identical—they would all just be interferisca. Adding lei prevents any confusion and makes it clear exactly who isn't interfering.
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