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Non trovo il mio cappello. L'hai visto?

Non trovo il mio cappello. L'hai visto?
I can't find my hat. Have you seen it?
From Lesson 100:Past participle agreement with pronouns·Italian

Questions & Answers about Non trovo il mio cappello. L'hai visto?

What does L' stand for in L'hai visto?
It stands for lo (it), which replaces the masculine object il mio cappello. When the pronouns lo and la come before a form of the helping verb avere that starts with a vowel or an h, they drop their vowel and become l'.
Why does the past participle visto end in -o?
In the passato prossimo, when you use a direct object pronoun like lo, the past participle must match the gender and number of that pronoun. Because l' here stands for a masculine singular noun (cappello), the participle takes the masculine singular ending -o.
How would the second sentence change if I were looking for a feminine object, like my jacket (la mia giacca)?
The pronoun would be la, which also shortens to l' before hai. However, because giacca is feminine, the past participle must agree with it. You would ask: L'hai vista?
Why do we say il mio cappello instead of just mio cappello?
In Italian, you generally must use a definite article like il or la before a possessive word like mio. The main exception is for singular family members, like mio padre (my father), but for everyday objects like a hat, you always need the article.

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