Hon tog ett päron till jobbet och lämnade ett äpple hemma på bordet.

Because hon is the subject form of she.

• hon = she
• henne = her

In this sentence, she is the person doing the actions:

• Hon tog ...
• ... och lämnade ...

So Swedish uses hon.

Tog is the past tense of ta (to take).

• ta = to take
• tar = takes / is taking
• tog = took
• tagit = taken

So:

• Hon tog ett päron = She took a pear

This is an irregular verb, so the past tense is not formed by simply adding -de or -te.

Because päron and äpple are ett-words in Swedish.

Swedish nouns belong to two common article groups:

• en-words
• ett-words

So:

• ett päron = a pear
• ett äpple = an apple

You have to learn each noun together with its article.

For example:

• en bok = a book
• ett hus = a house

Because both nouns are singular here.

• ett päron = a pear
• ett äpple = an apple

If they were plural, the forms would be different:

• päron can be singular or plural depending on context
• äpplen = apples

So in this sentence, the article ett tells you clearly that each noun is singular.

Because Swedish often uses the definite form for familiar destinations like work, school, or the store, especially when talking about the place as a known destination.

• jobbet = the job / work
• till jobbet = to work

This is very natural Swedish.

Compare:

• Jag går till jobbet. = I go to work.
• Hon åkte till skolan. = She went to school.

English often uses no article in expressions like to work, but Swedish commonly uses the definite form.

Because jobb is an ett-word, and -et is the usual definite singular ending for many ett-nouns.

• ett jobb = a job
• jobbet = the job

So:

• till jobbet = to the job / to work

The exact ending depends on the noun, but -et is very common for definite singular ett-words.

Because hemma means at home, while hem usually means homeward / to home.

This is a very common Swedish distinction:

• hem = home, in the sense of movement toward home
• hemma = at home, in the sense of location

Examples:

• Hon gick hem. = She went home.
• Hon är hemma. = She is at home.

In your sentence, the apple was left at home, so hemma is correct.

Because they give two layers of location:

• hemma = at home
• på bordet = on the table

Together they mean something like:

• at home, on the table

So the sentence tells you both the general location and the more specific location.

På bordet means on the table, with the definite form.

Swedish often uses the definite form when the object is understood as a specific, identifiable one in the situation.

• ett bord = a table
• bordet = the table

So:

• på bordet = on the table

If you said på ett bord, that would mean on a table, which sounds less specific.

Swedish word order is fairly flexible, but the sentence follows a very natural pattern:

• verb
• direct object
• place/direction information

So:

• tog ett päron till jobbet
• lämnade ett äpple hemma på bordet

The direct object comes first:

• ett päron
• ett äpple

Then the sentence adds information about where it went or where it was left.

This is a normal and neutral way to build the sentence.

Because both verbs have the same subject, and Swedish often leaves the subject unstated in the second part of a coordinated clause when it is obvious.

So:

• Hon tog ett päron till jobbet och lämnade ett äpple hemma på bordet.

means:

• She took a pear to work and (she) left an apple at home on the table.

You could repeat hon, but it is usually unnecessary here.

Lämnade is the past tense of lämna, which often means:

• leave
• leave behind
• put/leave somewhere
• sometimes abandon, depending on context

Here it means that she left the apple at home on the table.

• lämna = to leave
• lämnade = left

So it does not mean she departed from the apple; it means she left it in that place.

In sentences like this, yes: och means and.

It connects the two actions:

• tog ett päron till jobbet
• lämnade ett äpple hemma på bordet

So:

• ... och ... = ... and ...

Very straightforward here.

Yes, Swedish allows some rearrangement, especially for emphasis, but the original sentence is the most neutral and natural.

For example, you could say:

• Hon tog till jobbet ett päron och lämnade hemma på bordet ett äpple.

This is grammatically possible, but it sounds more marked or less natural in ordinary speech.

The original version is better for everyday Swedish:

• Hon tog ett päron till jobbet och lämnade ett äpple hemma på bordet.

Because the sentence is built in two coordinated parts:

1. Hon tog ett päron till jobbet
2. och lämnade ett äpple hemma på bordet

Each location phrase naturally fits the verb next to it:

• tog ... till jobbet = took ... to work
• lämnade ... hemma på bordet = left ... at home on the table

So the structure makes the relationships clear.

Yes, these are useful words to notice.

• äpple has an ä sound, like a short open front vowel
• päron also starts with ä
• äpple is often pronounced roughly like EP-pleh
• päron is roughly PEH-ron, though the exact sound depends on accent

Also, in natural Swedish speech:

• r can affect nearby sounds depending on dialect
• unstressed endings are often pronounced lightly

If you are learning pronunciation, it helps to hear these from native audio rather than relying only on English-style approximations.

A very good habit is to learn each noun with its article and, if possible, its definite form too:

• ett päron — päronet
• ett äpple — äpplet
• ett jobb — jobbet
• ett bord — bordet

That helps you remember both the gender and how the noun changes.

For this sentence, the most important thing is:

• päron, äpple, jobb, and bord are all ett-words.