En cuanto la propietaria averigüe el problema, llamará a la albañil otra vez.

Because en cuanto means as soon as, and when it refers to a future action in Spanish, the verb in that time clause normally goes in the present subjunctive.

So Spanish sees this as:

• When/As soon as she finds out the problem → future, not completed yet

That is why you get:

• En cuanto la propietaria averigüe el problema...

Compare:

• En cuanto averigüe el problema, llamará... = As soon as she finds out the problem, she will call...
• En cuanto averigua el problema, llama... sounds wrong here for standard Spanish because it is not talking about a habitual or already-real situation.

Here it means as soon as.

It introduces a time clause:

• En cuanto la propietaria averigüe el problema = As soon as the owner finds out the problem

It can also sometimes mean as for in other contexts, but not here. In this sentence, it is clearly temporal.

Similar expressions are:

• tan pronto como
• apenas (in some contexts)
• cuando sometimes, but en cuanto strongly emphasizes immediacy: the moment that / as soon as

The ü shows that the u must be pronounced.

Without the diaeresis:

• gue is normally pronounced like ge, with the u silent

With diaeresis:

• güe is pronounced roughly like gwe

So:

• averigüe is pronounced approximately a-be-ri-GWE
• not a-be-ri-GE

This spelling change happens because the subjunctive form needs an e ending, and Spanish adds ü to keep the original sound of the verb averiguar.

Related forms:

• averiguo
• averigüé
• averigüe
• averigüen

Llamará is the simple future: she will call.

It matches the idea of a future result:

• As soon as she finds out the problem, she will call the builder again.

Yes, Spanish can sometimes use the present for future meaning in everyday speech:

• En cuanto la propietaria averigüe el problema, llama a la albañil otra vez.

But in this sentence, llamará is more explicit and very natural in standard written Spanish.

So:

• llamará = clear future
• llama = also possible in some contexts, more conversational or immediate

Propietaria is the feminine form of propietario.

So:

• el propietario = the male owner
• la propietaria = the female owner

Spanish often marks gender directly in nouns referring to people. Here the sentence tells you the owner is a woman.

Depending on context, propietaria could mean:

• owner
• landlady
• female property owner

Because albañil is a common-gender noun: the noun itself does not change form, and the article shows whether the person is male or female.

So:

• el albañil = the male builder / bricklayer
• la albañil = the female builder / bricklayer

This is similar to other Spanish nouns like:

• el/la artista
• el/la periodista

So la albañil is correct Spanish for a woman who works as a builder/bricklayer.

That is the personal a.

Spanish usually puts a before a specific human direct object.

Here, the person being called is a specific person:

• llamará a la albañil

Compare:

• Llamó a María.
• Veo a mi hermano.
• Busco a la médica.

Even though English does not use anything equivalent, Spanish often requires this a with people.

Also, llamar a alguien is the normal pattern for to call someone.

Because the sentence begins with a subordinate time clause:

• En cuanto la propietaria averigüe el problema, ...

Then comes the main clause:

• ... llamará a la albañil otra vez.

In Spanish, when this kind of introductory clause comes first, a comma is commonly used to separate it from the main clause.

If you reverse the order, the comma is often not used:

• La propietaria llamará a la albañil otra vez en cuanto averigüe el problema.

Yes. Spanish allows several natural word orders.

For example:

• En cuanto la propietaria averigüe el problema, llamará a la albañil otra vez.
• La propietaria llamará a la albañil otra vez en cuanto averigüe el problema.

Both mean the same thing.

The version with en cuanto first emphasizes the timing:

• As soon as...

The second version starts with the main action:

• The owner will call...

Both are correct.

No, they are different.

• averiguar el problema = to find out what the problem is
• resolver el problema = to solve the problem

So this sentence says the owner first needs to discover/identify the issue. After that, she will call the builder again.

English sometimes uses figure out the problem, find out the problem, or identify the problem depending on context.

Because problema is one of several masculine nouns of Greek origin that end in -a.

So:

• el problema
• un problema
• el problema grave

Other common examples:

• el sistema
• el programa
• el tema
• el clima

So even though -a often suggests a feminine noun, it is not a guaranteed rule.

Otra vez means again.

Yes, de nuevo could also be used:

• llamará a la albañil otra vez
• llamará a la albañil de nuevo

They are very similar here.

In many everyday contexts:

• otra vez is very common and natural
• de nuevo can sound a little more neutral or slightly more formal depending on context

In this sentence, either works.

Sometimes yes, but the meaning shifts slightly.

• En cuanto la propietaria averigüe el problema... = As soon as the owner finds out the problem...
• Cuando la propietaria averigüe el problema... = When the owner finds out the problem...

Both take the subjunctive here because they refer to a future event, but en cuanto stresses immediacy more strongly.

So if you want the idea of the moment she finds out, en cuanto is the better choice.

It is pronounced roughly ah-beh-ree-GWEH.

Important points:

• the stress is on güe
• the ü means the u is pronounced
• güe sounds like gwe

So it is not:

• ah-beh-ree-GEH

It is:

• ah-beh-ree-GWEH

Not necessarily. Propietaria just means female owner.

The exact meaning depends on context. It could be:

• the owner of a flat
• a landlady
• the owner of a building
• the owner of some other property or business

If the wider context is about renting or repairs, English might translate it as landlady. If the context is more general, owner may be better.

Because the key difference is whether the action is:

• future / pending / not yet realized → subjunctive
• past / habitual / already known as real → indicative

In this sentence, the owner has not yet found out the problem, so Spanish uses the subjunctive:

• En cuanto la propietaria averigüe...

Compare:

• En cuanto la propietaria averiguó el problema, llamó a la albañil otra vez.
  = past, completed event → indicative
• En cuanto la propietaria averigua el problema, llama a la albañil.
  = habitual meaning, whenever she finds out the problem, she calls → indicative

So it is not just the expression en cuanto by itself; it is the combination of en cuanto + a future/unreal event that triggers the subjunctive.