Mi madre no me deja salir tarde.

Mi madre is the normal way to say my mother.

• mi is the possessive adjective my
• madre means mother

Madre mía does exist, but it usually means something like my goodness! or oh my God!, not simply my mother.

La madre mía is not the normal way to express possession here.

Me means me and shows who is affected by deja.

So:

• Mi madre = my mother
• no me deja = does not let me

It is an object pronoun, and in Spanish it normally goes before the conjugated verb:

• Mi madre no me deja...

not

• Mi madre no deja me...

Because deja is the conjugated form of the verb dejar.

The subject is mi madre, which is third person singular, so:

• dejar = to let / to allow / to leave
• deja = she lets / she allows / she leaves

Here it means she lets or she allows.

After dejar when it means to let someone do something, Spanish uses another verb in the infinitive.

Pattern:

• dejar + someone + infinitive
• let + someone + verb

So:

• Mi madre no me deja salir = My mother doesn’t let me go out

Just like in English, after let, you do not use a full conjugated second verb.

Here dejar means to let or to allow.

That is one of the most common meanings of dejar in this structure:

• dejar a alguien + infinitive = to let someone do something

Examples:

• Me deja entrar. = She lets me come in.
• No me deja conducir. = She doesn’t let me drive.

Be careful: dejar can also mean to leave in other contexts, so the meaning depends on the structure.

Not naturally in this sentence.

Because the structure is:

• no me deja + infinitive

That strongly suggests doesn’t let me + verb.

If dejar meant to leave, the sentence structure would be different. For example:

• Mi madre me deja en casa. = My mother leaves me at home.

But:

• Mi madre no me deja salir. = My mother doesn’t let me go out.

In Spanish, no normally goes directly before the conjugated verb.

Here the conjugated verb is deja, and me comes before that verb as an object pronoun, so the order is:

• no me deja

This is the normal negative pattern:

• No como. = I don’t eat.
• No me deja. = She doesn’t let me.

Salir tarde simply means to go out late or to leave late, depending on context.

Here, because the sentence is about what a mother allows, the most natural meaning is to go out late.

You do not need a preposition after salir if you are just saying go out / leave in a general way.

Examples:

• Salir temprano = to go out early / leave early
• Salir tarde = to go out late / leave late

If you wanted to say where from, then you could add more information:

• Salir tarde de casa = to leave home late

Here tarde means late.

Spanish tarde can be:

• a noun meaning afternoon
• an adverb meaning late

In this sentence it is an adverb, describing salir:

• salir tarde = to go out late

It does not mean to go out in the afternoon here.

Because Spanish often uses salir by itself where English says go out.

• salir can mean to go out, to leave, or to come out, depending on context

So:

• salir tarde naturally covers the idea of going out late

Spanish does not always need a separate word matching every English word.

Yes. That is correct and means almost the same thing.

• dejar = to let
• permitir = to permit / to allow

So:

• Mi madre no me deja salir tarde
• Mi madre no me permite salir tarde

Both are correct. Dejar is often a bit more everyday and conversational.

In traditional grammar explanations, it is usually treated as the indirect object with dejar in this kind of structure: to allow someone to do something.

But for many learners, the most useful thing is simply this:

• me tells you who is being allowed or not allowed

So in practice, the key thing to remember is the pattern:

• dejar + object pronoun + infinitive
• Mi madre no me deja salir

A little, but the basic version is the most natural:

• Mi madre no me deja salir tarde.

You could move some elements for emphasis in certain contexts, but beginners should keep this order:

subject + no + object pronoun + conjugated verb + infinitive + adverb

So:

• Mi madre = subject
• no = negation
• me = object pronoun
• deja = conjugated verb
• salir = infinitive
• tarde = adverb

It is completely standard Spanish and works in Spain as well as in most other Spanish-speaking places.

In Spain, salir tarde is very natural. Depending on context, it could mean:

• not being allowed to go out late at night
• not being allowed to stay out late

So it sounds normal and idiomatic in Spain.