Mi hermana lleva hechas dos listas de vocabulario y ya ha tachado muchas palabras.

Llevar + past participle is a common Spanish pattern used to show how much has been completed so far.

So Mi hermana lleva hechas dos listas de vocabulario means something like:

• My sister has got two vocabulary lists done so far
• My sister has already completed two vocabulary lists

It focuses on accumulated progress up to now, not just the bare fact that she did them.

By contrast, ha hecho dos listas de vocabulario simply means she has made/done two vocabulary lists. That is correct too, but it does not highlight the idea of progress so far as strongly.

Because hechas agrees with dos listas, which is:

• feminine
• plural

The past participle here is acting almost like an adjective describing the lists as done/completed, so it must agree:

• hecho → masculine singular
• hecha → feminine singular
• hechos → masculine plural
• hechas → feminine plural

Since listas is feminine plural, Spanish uses hechas.

Good question. The difference is the verb construction.

With haber + past participle (the normal perfect tense), the participle does not agree with anything:

• ha tachado
• han tachado
• he tachado

It always stays the same.

But in llevar + object + past participle, the participle often does agree with the direct object:

• lleva hechas dos listas
• lleva escritos tres correos
• lleva leídas cien páginas

So:

• ha tachado = standard perfect tense, no agreement
• lleva hechas = progress/result structure, agreement with listas

Yes, absolutely.

That version is grammatically correct and natural. The difference is mainly one of focus:

• ha hecho dos listas de vocabulario = states the fact
• lleva hechas dos listas de vocabulario = emphasizes the amount completed so far

The second one is especially natural if she is in the middle of a bigger task and you are reporting her progress.

Yes, llevar often means to carry, to take, or to wear, but it has several common extended uses.

Here it does not mean literally carry. In this pattern, llevar means something like:

• to have done so far
• to have accumulated
• to be at the point of having completed

So lleva hechas dos listas means she is currently at a total of two completed lists.

This is a very useful use of llevar in Spanish.

In Spanish from Spain, the present perfect is very commonly used for past actions that are still connected to the present, especially with words like ya, hoy, esta semana, este mes, etc.

So:

• ya ha tachado muchas palabras = she has already crossed off many words
• ya tachó muchas palabras would sound more like a finished past event, more detached from the present moment

In Spain, ha tachado is very natural here because the sentence is about her current progress.

Tachar usually means:

• to cross out
• to strike through
• sometimes to check off or tick off, depending on context

In this sentence, the idea is probably that she has gone through the vocabulary and marked many words off the list, most likely by crossing them out.

So it suggests she has already worked with many of the words.

Ya means already here.

It adds the idea that the action has happened by this point, often a little earlier than expected or simply as an update on progress.

So:

• ha tachado muchas palabras = she has crossed off many words
• ya ha tachado muchas palabras = she has already crossed off many words

It makes the progress sound more immediate and relevant.

Both are possible, but they are not exactly the same.

• ha tachado muchas palabras = she has crossed off many words
• ha tachado muchas de las palabras = she has crossed off many of the words

The version in your sentence is more general and lighter. The context already makes it clear that the words are from the vocabulary lists, so Spanish does not need to say de las unless it wants to stress that she crossed off many words from a specific known set.

Yes. Listas de vocabulario is a very normal way to say vocabulary lists.

Literally, it is:

• listas = lists
• de vocabulario = of vocabulary

Spanish often uses noun + de + noun where English uses a compound noun:

• lista de vocabulario = vocabulary list
• libro de texto = textbook
• tarjeta de crédito = credit card

So this is completely standard.

Because they express two slightly different ideas:

• lleva hechas dos listas = her accumulated progress so far
• ha tachado muchas palabras = another action that has already happened and is relevant now

They work well together because the sentence is basically giving a progress report:

• she has two lists completed so far
• and she has already crossed off many words

So the first part focuses on quantity completed, while the second focuses on a completed action within that overall process.

Yes. It is a very useful pattern.

A good formula is:

llevar + quantity/object + past participle

Examples:

• Llevo leídas cincuenta páginas.
  I’ve read fifty pages so far.

• Llevamos hechas tres actividades.
  We’ve done three activities so far.

• Lleva escritos diez correos.
  He/She has written ten emails so far.

This pattern is especially common when talking about progress, totals, or work completed up to now.