Я заберу твой зонт после работы и отдам его тебе вечером.

Because this sentence describes two single completed actions in the future:

• заберу = I will pick up / take
• отдам = I will give back / hand over

These are perfective verbs, so Russian uses the simple future for them.

By contrast:

• буду забирать
• буду отдавать

would be imperfective future, which usually suggests a process, repetition, or focus on the action itself rather than its completion. In this sentence, the speaker means: first I’ll take the umbrella, then later I’ll return it. That is why perfective is the natural choice.

That is how the future of perfective verbs works in Russian.

Perfective verbs do not form the future with буду + infinitive. Instead, they use one-word future forms that look like present-tense endings:

• я заберу
• я отдам

These forms are grammatically future, not present.

Very roughly:

• imperfective future: буду делать = I will be doing / I will do
• perfective future: сделаю = I will do / I will finish doing

So заберу and отдам are normal future forms of perfective verbs.

Yes, it is related to брать (to take), but the full verb here is забрать.

• брать = to take
• забирать = to take away, pick up regularly / imperfective
• забрать = to take away, pick up / perfective
• заберу = I will take away / pick up

In this sentence, заберу твой зонт means something like I’ll pick up your umbrella or I’ll take your umbrella.

The prefix за- does not always have one simple English equivalent. With забрать, the whole verb is best learned as a unit.

Because отдать is more natural when you mean to hand something over, especially something that belongs to someone else or is being returned.

Compare:

• дать = to give
• отдать = to give away, hand over, give back

In this sentence, the umbrella is your umbrella, so отдам fits the idea of returning it to you much better than дам.

Because Russian changes words according to their grammatical role in the sentence.

1. твой зонт

This is the direct object of заберу.

• зонт is masculine inanimate
• for masculine inanimate nouns, the accusative looks the same as the nominative

So твой зонт stays the same in form.

2. его

This means it here, referring back to зонт.

It is the direct object of отдам, so it is in the accusative.
For this pronoun, его is the form used.

3. тебе

This is the person receiving the umbrella, so it is in the dative case.

• ты = you
• тебе = to you

So:

• его = it
• тебе = to you

Because после requires the genitive case.

• работа = work
• работы = of work / after work, depending on the preposition and context

So:

• после работы = after work

This is a very common pattern:

• после урока = after the lesson
• после обеда = after lunch
• после фильма = after the movie

In Russian, that possessive is often left out when it is obvious from context.

So после работы usually just means after work or after finishing work. Russian does not need to say моей работы unless the speaker specifically wants to emphasize my work as opposed to someone else’s.

Also, Russian has no articles, so после работы can cover meanings like:

• after work
• after the work

Context tells you which is meant.

Because Russian often uses the instrumental case to express time in a general adverbial way.

• вечер = evening
• вечером = in the evening / this evening

This is a very common time expression. Similar examples:

• утром = in the morning
• днём = in the daytime / during the day
• ночью = at night

So вечером is the normal natural form here.

Yes, often it can.

Russian often leaves out an object pronoun if the meaning is already clear from context. So you could say:

• Я заберу твой зонт после работы и отдам тебе вечером.

That still sounds natural.

However, keeping его can make the sentence a little clearer or more explicit:

• ...и отдам его тебе вечером.

So both are possible. The version with его is perfectly normal.

No, Russian word order is fairly flexible. The original sentence is a neutral, natural order:

• Я заберу твой зонт после работы и отдам его тебе вечером.

But other orders are possible if you want to shift emphasis:

• После работы я заберу твой зонт и отдам его тебе вечером.
• Я заберу твой зонт и вечером отдам его тебе.

The meaning stays basically the same, but the emphasis changes slightly:

• putting после работы earlier highlights when
• putting вечером earlier highlights the second time reference

So the original word order is not the only possible one, just a very normal one.

Because the sentence uses the informal singular form of you:

• ты = you (informal singular)
• твой = your
• тебе = to you

If you were speaking politely or to more than one person, you would use:

• вы = you
• ваш = your
• вам = to you

So the polite/plural version would be:

• Я заберу ваш зонт после работы и отдам его вам вечером.

The usual stress is:

• Я заберу́ твой зонт по́сле рабо́ты и отда́м его́ тебе́ ве́чером.

A few notes:

• заберу́ — stress on the last syllable
• по́сле — stress on the first syllable
• рабо́ты — stress on бо
• отда́м — stress on the last syllable
• тебе́ — stress on the last syllable
• ве́чером — stress on the first syllable

Stress matters in Russian, so it is worth learning these forms together with their pronunciation.