Lekarz powiedział, że ta kobieta nie jest już nieprzytomna i może napić się wody.

Polish does not have articles like English the and a/an.

So:

• Lekarz powiedział = The doctor said or A doctor said
• Which one is meant depends on context

In this sentence, English would most naturally say The doctor said, but Polish simply uses lekarz without any article.

Powiedział is the past tense form of powiedzieć (to say / to tell).

The ending -ał shows that the subject is:

• masculine
• singular

So lekarz powiedział means the doctor said, with the assumption that the doctor is male or grammatically treated as masculine.

Compare:

• lekarz powiedział = the male doctor said
• lekarka powiedziała = the female doctor said

Że means that.

It introduces a subordinate clause, just like English that in:

• The doctor said that...

So:

• Lekarz powiedział, że... = The doctor said that...

In English, that is often optional:

• The doctor said the woman...

In Polish, że is normally expressed in this kind of sentence.

Ta kobieta means this woman.

• ta = this
• kobieta = woman

Polish often uses demonstratives like ten / ta / to when pointing out a specific person or making the reference more definite.

So:

• kobieta = woman / a woman / the woman
• ta kobieta = this woman

In context, ta kobieta may sound like the doctor is referring to a particular woman already known in the situation.

It is not a double negative in the grammatical sense. It means:

• nie jest = is not
• już = anymore / any longer / already, depending on context
• nieprzytomna = unconscious

So the whole phrase means:

• is no longer unconscious
• literally: is not unconscious anymore

This can look odd to an English speaker because nieprzytomna already contains nie-, but that nie- is just part of the adjective itself, like un- in English unconscious.

So compare:

• English: not unconscious anymore
• Polish: nie jest już nieprzytomna

That is perfectly normal.

Because it agrees with kobieta, which is:

• feminine
• singular

Polish adjectives must agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.

Here:

• kobieta = feminine singular
• therefore nieprzytomna = feminine singular adjective form

Compare:

• ten mężczyzna jest nieprzytomny = this man is unconscious
• ta kobieta jest nieprzytomna = this woman is unconscious

In this sentence, już means any longer / anymore / no longer in effect.

So:

• nie jest już nieprzytomna = she is no longer unconscious

The word już often means already, but with negation it commonly helps express no longer.

Examples:

• Już śpi. = He/She is already asleep.
• Już nie śpi. = He/She is no longer asleep.

So here the idea is that her condition has changed.

This is about aspect and idiomatic usage.

• pić = to drink (imperfective)
• napić się = to drink some / to have a drink (perfective)

After może (can / may), both infinitives are grammatically possible, but they give slightly different feels:

• może pić wodę = she is allowed/able to drink water, more general
• może napić się wody = she can have some water / she may drink some water now

In this medical context, napić się wody sounds very natural because it refers to a completed, limited action: having some water.

Because napić się is the standard verb form meaning to drink some, to have a drink.

It is built from:

• pić = to drink
• napić się = to drink some / to have a drink

Here się is part of the verb expression. You should learn napić się as a unit.

This does not mean she is literally doing something to herself in the way English learners might first imagine. In many Polish verbs, się is simply part of the normal verb form.

A very useful pair to remember is:

• pić wodę = to drink water
• napić się wody = to drink some water / have a drink of water

Because napić się requires the genitive case, not the accusative.

So:

• woda = nominative
• wodę = accusative
• wody = genitive

With pić, you usually use the accusative:

• pić wodę = to drink water

With napić się, you use the genitive:

• napić się wody = to drink some water / have a drink of water

This is a very common pattern in Polish and one that learners need to memorize.

Yes, Polish word order is more flexible than English, although not completely free.

The neutral order here is:

• Lekarz powiedział, że ta kobieta nie jest już nieprzytomna i może napić się wody.

But some parts could move for emphasis. For example:

• Lekarz powiedział, że ta kobieta już nie jest nieprzytomna...
• Lekarz powiedział, że może napić się wody...

However, the original version is natural and clear.

A key point: Polish word order often changes emphasis rather than basic meaning. English relies more heavily on fixed order.

Because in Polish, subordinate clauses introduced by words like że are normally separated by a comma.

So:

• Lekarz powiedział, że...

This is standard Polish punctuation.

English also often uses a comma less often in similar sentences, but in Polish the comma here is required.

It can suggest either, depending on context.

• can = ability
• may = permission

In this medical sentence, both ideas are close:

• she is now able to drink water
• she is now allowed to drink water

Because the doctor is speaking, English might naturally translate it as she can drink some water now or she may drink some water. Polish może comfortably covers this area.

It is the normal everyday adjective here.

• nieprzytomny / nieprzytomna = unconscious

Since the sentence is about a woman, it becomes:

• nieprzytomna

You may also encounter related expressions like:

• stracić przytomność = to lose consciousness
• odzyskać przytomność = to regain consciousness

So this sentence could be thought of as describing the state after regaining consciousness.