Jeśli mój narzeczony skończy dziś wcześniej pracę, pójdziemy razem do kwiaciarni i kupimy kwiaty na rocznicę.

In Polish, many perfective verbs use their present-tense forms to talk about the future.

So skończy literally looks like a present form, but in this sentence it means will finish.

• skończyć = perfective, meaning to finish / to complete
• skończy = he will finish

This is very common in Polish:

• Jak wrócisz, zadzwonisz. = When you come back, you’ll call.
• Jeśli znajdę czas, pomogę ci. = If I find time, I’ll help you.

So skończy dziś wcześniej pracę means finishes work earlier today / will finish work earlier today.

Because Polish is making a difference between perfective and imperfective verbs.

• kończyć = imperfective, focusing on the process or repeated action
• skończyć = perfective, focusing on the completed result

In this sentence, the idea is: if he finishes work — that is, if he reaches the endpoint. That is why Polish uses skończyć.

Compare:

• Jeśli skończy pracę... = If he finishes work...
• Jeśli kończy pracę o 4... = more like If he is finishing / usually finishes work at 4...

So skończy is the natural choice because the sentence depends on the action being completed.

Because it is the direct object of the verb skończyć.

The base form is:

• praca = work or job

But after skończyć (to finish), Polish uses the accusative case:

• skończyć pracę = to finish work

So:

• praca = nominative
• pracę = accusative singular

This is one of the most common patterns in Polish: verbs that take a direct object usually require the accusative.

Because the preposition do requires the genitive case.

The dictionary form is:

• kwiaciarnia = flower shop

After do, it changes to genitive singular:

• do kwiaciarni = to the flower shop

This is a standard rule:

• do domu = to the house/home
• do sklepu = to the shop
• do szkoły = to school
• do kwiaciarni = to the flower shop

So the ending changes because of the preposition.

Because na here means something like for or for the occasion of, and it takes the accusative case.

The base form is:

• rocznica = anniversary

After na in this meaning:

• na rocznicę = for the anniversary

So:

• kupić kwiaty na rocznicę = to buy flowers for an anniversary

This use of na is very common:

• prezent na urodziny = a birthday present
• kwiaty na ślub = flowers for a wedding
• ciasto na imprezę = cake for the party

Because they are perfective verbs, and perfective verbs in Polish form the future with a single word.

• pójść → pójdziemy = we will go
• kupić → kupimy = we will buy

This is different from many imperfective verbs, which often form the future with będę / będziesz / będzie...

For example:

• będziemy kupować = we will be buying
• kupimy = we will buy

So in your sentence, Polish uses the simple one-word future because the actions are viewed as complete events.

Because the first part of the sentence is a subordinate clause introduced by jeśli (if).

Polish normally separates this kind of clause with a comma:

• Jeśli mój narzeczony skończy dziś wcześniej pracę, pójdziemy razem do kwiaciarni...

This is similar to English when the if-clause comes first:

• If he finishes work early, we’ll go...

In Polish, the comma is standard and important in writing.

Yes. Dziś and dzisiaj both mean today.

• dziś is a little shorter and often sounds slightly more concise
• dzisiaj is completely normal too

So these are both fine:

• Jeśli mój narzeczony skończy dziś wcześniej pracę...
• Jeśli mój narzeczony skończy dzisiaj wcześniej pracę...

In everyday speech, both are common.

Here wcześniej means earlier.

So:

• skończy dziś wcześniej pracę = will finish work earlier today

It compares the finishing time to the expected or usual time.

A useful distinction:

• wcześniej = earlier
• wcześnie = early

Examples:

• Dziś wrócę wcześniej. = I’ll come back earlier today.
• Dziś wstałem wcześnie. = I got up early today.

So in your sentence, wcześniej is the correct form because it means earlier than usual / earlier than expected.

Because it is the subject of the sentence, so it stays in the nominative case.

• mój = my
• narzeczony = fiancé

Together:

• mój narzeczony = my fiancé

Since he is the one doing the action (skończy), nominative is needed.

If the phrase had another grammatical role, it would change:

• Widzę mojego narzeczonego. = I see my fiancé.
• Idę z moim narzeczonym. = I’m going with my fiancé.

So the form here is the basic subject form.

Narzeczony specifically means fiancé — a man you are engaged to.

It is stronger and more specific than boyfriend.

Compare:

• chłopak = boyfriend
• narzeczony = fiancé

And for a woman:

• narzeczona = fiancée

So this sentence is clearly talking about an engaged couple, not just a dating relationship.

Not strictly. Razem means together, and it adds emphasis that the two people will go together.

• pójdziemy do kwiaciarni = we’ll go to the flower shop
• pójdziemy razem do kwiaciarni = we’ll go to the flower shop together

Since pójdziemy already means we will go, the idea of being together may already be understood from context. But razem makes it explicit.

Yes. Polish word order is fairly flexible, and changing it often changes emphasis, not the core meaning.

Original:

• Jeśli mój narzeczony skończy dziś wcześniej pracę, pójdziemy razem do kwiaciarni...

Possible alternatives:

• Jeśli mój narzeczony dziś skończy wcześniej pracę, pójdziemy razem do kwiaciarni...
• Jeśli dziś mój narzeczony skończy wcześniej pracę, pójdziemy razem do kwiaciarni...
• Pójdziemy razem do kwiaciarni, jeśli mój narzeczony skończy dziś wcześniej pracę.

These all sound a little different in focus, but the meaning stays basically the same.

For learners, the original version is very natural and safe to use.

Yes, sometimes Polish allows to in this kind of sentence, but it is not necessary.

For example:

• Jeśli mój narzeczony skończy dziś wcześniej pracę, to pójdziemy razem do kwiaciarni.

This can sound slightly more conversational or can help mark the result more clearly.

But the version without to is completely natural and often more neutral:

• Jeśli mój narzeczony skończy dziś wcześniej pracę, pójdziemy razem do kwiaciarni.

So both are possible, but the sentence you were given is perfectly standard.

Because Polish has no articles like a or the.

So Polish simply says:

• do kwiaciarni = to a/the flower shop
• na rocznicę = for an/the anniversary

Whether English uses a or the depends on context, but Polish does not mark that difference with an article.

Learners often want to translate every English the, but in Polish there is usually nothing there.

Because Polish, like English, can link two future actions with i (and):

• pójdziemy razem do kwiaciarni = we will go together to the flower shop
• i kupimy kwiaty na rocznicę = and we will buy flowers for the anniversary

Both verbs are in the future because both actions will happen after the condition is met.

So the structure is:

• If he finishes work earlier today,
• we will go to the flower shop
• and (we will) buy flowers for the anniversary.

Yes.

• kwiat = flower
• kwiaty = flowers

Here it is also the accusative plural, but for this noun the accusative plural has the same form as the nominative plural:

• kwiaty

So:

• kupimy kwiaty = we will buy flowers

This is very common with many non-masculine-personal plural nouns in Polish.