kyou ha taityou ga warui kara, muri ni hasittara dame da to haha ni iwareta.

今日は sets today as the topic: as for today.

It does not mean today is the grammatical subject. It just gives the time frame or context for the rest of the sentence. A very natural way to think of it is:

• 今日は = today / as for today
• then the speaker comments about what is true today

Japanese often marks time expressions with は when they are being presented as the topic of the sentence.

Both are possible in some contexts, but 体調が悪い is the more neutral way to say one's physical condition is bad.

Here, が marks 体調 as the thing that is in the state of being bad.

• 体調が悪い = my physical condition is bad
• 体調は悪い would feel more contrastive, like my physical condition is bad, though maybe something else is fine

So in this sentence, が is simply the more natural choice.

Yes. Japanese very often leaves out things that are understood from context.

In this sentence, the person whose 体調 is bad and the person who was told something by their mother is understood to be the speaker, so English would naturally supply I or my:

• (I am) in bad physical condition today
• (I) was told by my mother...

This kind of omission is extremely common in Japanese.

Not quite.

• 体調 refers to physical condition, health condition, or how your body is feeling
• 気分 is more like mood, feelings, or sometimes how you feel overall

So 体調が悪い strongly suggests a physical problem: not feeling well, being sick, being run-down, etc.

から gives a reason: because.

So:

• 体調が悪いから = because my physical condition is bad
• or more naturally, because I'm not feeling well

It connects the reason to what follows. In this sentence, the reason is the speaker's condition, and the result is that their mother told them not to run recklessly.

無理に means something like:

• forcibly
• beyond one's limits
• too hard
• unreasonably

In this sentence, it means to push yourself too hard.

So 無理に走る is not just to run. It means to force yourself to run or to run even though you shouldn't.

Grammatically, 無理 is acting adverbially here with に, modifying the verb 走る.

This is because 〜たら is a conditional form, not necessarily a past meaning.

• 走った is the plain past form of 走る
• 走ったら means if you run or if/when you were to run

In Japanese, the た-form + ら pattern is one standard way to make an if clause.

So:

• 無理に走ったらだめ = it's bad if you run while pushing yourself too hard
• more natural English: you shouldn't force yourself to run

Even though it contains a form that looks past, here it is functioning as a conditional.

By itself, だめ means something like:

• no good
• not allowed
• bad
• useless

In patterns like Vたらだめ or Vてはだめ, it means you must not do that or you shouldn't do that.

So:

• 走ったらだめ = it's no good if you run
• natural English: don't run / you shouldn't run

This is a very common everyday way to tell someone not to do something.

Because と is quoting the whole preceding statement, and that statement needs to be in plain form.

Here, だめ behaves like a noun / na-type predicate, so when it ends a plain statement, it normally takes だ:

• 無理に走ったらだめだ = It is bad / You must not force yourself to run

Then that whole clause is quoted with と:

• 無理に走ったらだめだと = that I must not force myself to run

So だ is part of the quoted sentence.

と marks quoted content.

The mother said the content:

• 無理に走ったらだめだ

Then と attaches to that quoted statement, and 言われた means was told.

So the structure is:

• [quoted sentence] と 言われた = was told that ...

This is a very common pattern in Japanese for reported speech and reported thoughts.

母に言われた means I was told by my mother.

This uses the passive form 言われた, and 母に marks the person who did the telling.

Compare:

• 母が言った = my mother said
• 母に言われた = I was told by my mother

The second version focuses on the speaker receiving the statement, which matches the English idea of I was told by my mother.

Japanese often uses this passive style when talking about being told something by someone.

When talking about your own mother to someone else, Japanese normally uses 母 in neutral or formal narration.

• 母 = my mother when referring to her from the outside
• お母さん is more often used when addressing her directly, or when referring to someone else's mother, or in more family-centered speech

So in a sentence like this, 母に言われた is very natural.

Yes, and the meaning would be very similar.

Both patterns can express prohibition:

• 走ったらだめ
• 走ってはだめ

In everyday speech, 〜たらだめ often feels conversational and direct. 〜てはだめ is also very common and may sound a little more standard depending on context.

In this sentence, 無理に走ったらだめ sounds natural and conversational.

The main tense is shown by 言われた, which is past tense.

That means the overall event is:

• My mother told me ... / I was told by my mother ...

The part before と is the content of what was said, so it stays in plain non-past form:

• 無理に走ったらだめだ = the message itself

This is normal in Japanese reported speech. The reporting verb carries the main tense, while the quoted content stays in the form that was said.

Yes. The basic flow is very natural:

• 今日は = set the topic/time
• 体調が悪いから = give the reason
• 無理に走ったらだめだと = state what was said
• 母に言われた = finish with the main verb

Japanese often puts the main verb at the end, and the quoted content comes before と言う / と言われる. So this sentence follows very standard Japanese word order.