watashi wa jagaimo o yudeta ato, shio to koshou o sukoshi kakete taberuno ga suki da.

は marks 私 as the topic of the sentence.

So 私は means something like:

• As for me, ...
• I ...

It does not simply equal the English subject marker every time, but here it introduces the person whose preference is being talked about.

Also, in natural Japanese, 私は is often omitted if it is already obvious from context.

を marks the direct object of the verb.

Here, じゃがいもをゆでた means:

• boiled potatoes

So じゃがいも is the thing being boiled.

Later, 塩とこしょうを少しかけて also uses を, because salt and pepper are the things being sprinkled/put on.

This is a very common question.

When あと means after doing something, the verb before it usually appears in the plain past form:

• 食べたあと = after eating
• 見たあと = after seeing
• ゆでたあと = after boiling

So even though the whole sentence is talking about a general habit, the action before あと is still expressed as completed relative to what comes next.

In other words:

• first: boil the potatoes
• after that: add a little salt and pepper
• then: eat them

That is why ゆでた is correct here.

あと means after, but it is really a noun meaning something like the time/state afterward.

So ゆでたあと literally means:

• the after of having boiled them
• more naturally: after boiling them

It connects the first action to the next one.

Because 塩とこしょう is being treated as one combined object.

So:

• 塩とこしょうをかける = put/sprinkle salt and pepper on

You do not need:

• 塩をこしょうを

That would be wrong here.

Japanese often uses one case marker after the whole coordinated phrase:

• りんごとバナナを食べる
• 本とノートを買う

Same pattern here.

少し means a little and modifies かけて here.

So:

• 塩とこしょうを少しかけて = sprinkle/add a little salt and pepper

It tells you the amount of salt and pepper being added.

It does not mean eating a little. It specifically goes with the seasoning action.

The verb かける can mean to put, to pour, or to sprinkle something onto a surface.

In this sentence:

• 塩とこしょうをかけて means sprinkle/add salt and pepper (onto the potatoes)

The て-form connects this action to the next one:

• かけて食べる = add/sprinkle it and eat

So the sequence is:

1. boil the potatoes
2. put a little salt and pepper on them
3. eat them

The て-form often links actions in sequence.

So かけて食べる means:

• sprinkle/add them and eat
• more naturally: eat them with a little salt and pepper added

This is very common in Japanese when describing steps or related actions.

The の turns the verb phrase 食べる into a noun-like expression.

So:

• 食べる = to eat
• 食べるの = eating / the act of eating

Then:

• 食べるのが好きだ = likes eating / likes to eat

Without の, 食べるが好きだ would not be correct.

You can think of の here as making the action into a thing that can be liked.

Because 好き behaves more like an adjective in Japanese, and the thing that is liked is usually marked with が.

So:

• 食べるのが好きだ = likes eating

This is the standard pattern:

• 音楽が好きだ = like music
• 本を読むのが好きだ = like reading books

English uses like as a verb, but Japanese 好き does not work the same way.

Yes, it could.

Both are possible:

• 食べるのが好きだ
• 食べることが好きだ

In many cases, の sounds a bit more natural and conversational for everyday actions, while こと can sound a bit more formal or abstract.

In this sentence, 食べるのが好きだ sounds very natural.

Because the sentence is expressing a general preference or habit, not one specific past event.

• ゆでた is past because it comes before あと
• 食べるのが好きだ is non-past because it means I like eating them this way in general

So the sentence is not saying:

• I liked eating them

It is saying:

• I like to eat them after boiling them and adding a little salt and pepper

だ is the plain form of the copula.

So:

• 好きだ = plain/informal
• 好きです = polite

This sentence is in plain style. If you wanted to make it polite, you could say:

• 私はじゃがいもをゆでたあと、塩とこしょうを少しかけて食べるのが好きです。

Yes, but it is understood from context.

The sentence already mentioned じゃがいも, so Japanese does not need to repeat it.

A more explicit version would be something like:

• じゃがいもをゆでたあと、塩とこしょうを少しかけて、それを食べるのが好きだ。

But that sounds less natural because Japanese often leaves out things that are obvious.

So the implied meaning is:

• I like eating the potatoes after boiling them and adding a little salt and pepper.

It helps to break it into chunks:

• 私は = as for me
• じゃがいもをゆでたあと、 = after boiling potatoes,
• 塩とこしょうを少しかけて = adding a little salt and pepper,
• 食べるのが好きだ = I like eating them

So the full structure is:

• As for me, [after boiling potatoes, adding a little salt and pepper, eating them] is liked
• natural English: I like to eat potatoes after boiling them and adding a little salt and pepper.