Domani la scuola visita una fattoria vicino al villaggio.

In Italian, many time expressions are used without a preposition, especially single words like oggi, domani, ieri, stasera, and so on.

So:

• Domani = tomorrow
• Ieri = yesterday
• Oggi = today

You would not normally say in domani.

Be careful with a domani: that does exist, but it means see you tomorrow, not tomorrow inside a sentence like this one.

Italian often uses the present tense to talk about the near future, just like English can do in sentences such as Tomorrow we visit a farm or Tomorrow we’re visiting a farm.

So:

• Domani la scuola visita una fattoria
  = literally Tomorrow the school visits a farm

This is completely natural in Italian.

You could also say:

• Domani la scuola visiterà una fattoria

That uses the future tense (visiterà) and is also correct. The present tense often sounds more direct and conversational when the time is already clear from Domani.

Italian usually uses the definite article much more often than English.

So la scuola means:

• the school

In this sentence, la scuola probably refers to the school as a group or institution: teachers and students, or perhaps a class/group from the school.

English sometimes avoids the article more easily, but Italian generally needs it here.

Not literally. This is a common kind of shorthand.

La scuola can stand for:

• the school community
• the students
• a class from the school
• the school as an organized group

So the meaning is something like:

• The school is going on a visit to a farm
• The students from the school are visiting a farm

Italian often uses the institution name this way, just as English does in sentences like The school is organizing a trip.

Una fattoria means a farm, so it introduces the farm as something not previously identified.

• una fattoria = a farm
• la fattoria = the farm

If the speaker and listener already knew which farm was meant, la fattoria could be used instead.

So this sentence presents it as some farm near the village, not necessarily one already known in the conversation.

It means near the village.

Breakdown:

• vicino = near / close
• a = to
• il villaggio = the village
• al = a + il

So:

• vicino al villaggio = near the village

This phrase describes where the farm is.

Because Italian combines certain prepositions with definite articles.

Here:

• a + il = al

This is called an articulated preposition.

Other common combinations are:

• a + la = alla
• di + il = del
• in + i = nei
• su + il = sul

So vicino al villaggio is the normal form, not vicino a il villaggio.

Good question. Vicino can work in two different ways:

1. as an adjective, which would agree in gender/number
2. as an adverb/preposition-like word, where it stays invariable in many common uses

In una fattoria vicino al villaggio, vicino al villaggio is best understood as near the village, functioning like a location phrase. In that use, vicino often stays as vicino.

You may also encounter agreement in other contexts, especially when vicino is clearly an adjective:

• la fattoria vicina = the nearby farm

So:

• una fattoria vicino al villaggio = a farm near the village
• una fattoria vicina = a nearby farm

Both patterns exist, but they are used a little differently.

Yes. Italian word order is flexible, although the original sentence is perfectly normal.

You could also say:

• La scuola visita una fattoria vicino al villaggio domani.
• Domani visita una fattoria vicino al villaggio la scuola.

But the most natural neutral version is probably:

• Domani la scuola visita una fattoria vicino al villaggio.

Putting Domani first is very common because it sets the time immediately.

It follows a simple pattern:

• Domani = time expression
• la scuola = subject
• visita = verb
• una fattoria = direct object
• vicino al villaggio = phrase describing the farm’s location

So the core sentence is:

• La scuola visita una fattoria
  = The school visits a farm

Then Domani adds the time, and vicino al villaggio adds location detail.

Here it is the verb:

• visita = visits

It comes from visitare = to visit.

But visita can also be a noun in other contexts:

• una visita = a visit
• una visita medica = a medical check-up / examination

In this sentence, though, it is clearly the verb because it follows the subject la scuola.

Sometimes, yes, but they are not always exactly the same.

• villaggio = village
• paese can mean village, small town, town, or even country depending on context

If you specifically want village, villaggio is precise.
If you say paese, it may sound broader and often more idiomatic in everyday Italian depending on the place being described.

So vicino al villaggio is correct, but in real-life Italian people might also use paese in some situations.