Η φίλη μου λέει ότι πονάει η κοιλιά της και ο λαιμός της, οπότε μένει σπίτι.

In Greek, the unstressed possessive forms like μου, σου, της, μας usually come after the noun.

So:

• η φίλη μου = my friend
• ο αδερφός της = her brother
• το σπίτι μας = our house

Greek also normally keeps the definite article, so η φίλη μου is the standard pattern.

If you want extra emphasis, you can say η δική μου φίλη.

Λέει is the 3rd person singular present of λέω or λέγω, meaning say.

Here it means:

• she says
• or, depending on context, she is saying

Greek present tense often covers both the simple present and the progressive idea that English sometimes separates.

Ότι introduces a content clause, like English that:

• λέει ότι... = she says that...

In everyday Greek, πως can often be used in the same way:

• λέει πως...

Both are very common. In this sentence, ότι is perfectly normal and neutral.

Yes. Πονάει and πονά are both common present-tense forms of πονάω / πονώ, meaning hurt, ache, be in pain.

So:

• πονάει η κοιλιά μου
• πονά η κοιλιά μου

Both mean my stomach hurts.

Πονάει is often felt as a slightly fuller everyday form, while πονά is a shorter variant. In modern spoken Greek, both are very natural.

Greek word order is much more flexible than English word order.

Both are possible:

• πονάει η κοιλιά της
• η κοιλιά της πονάει

The version in your sentence, with the verb first, sounds very natural when someone is listing symptoms or reporting what hurts. It often feels a bit more like her stomach hurts as a piece of new information.

The noun-first version can sound a little more topic-focused or contrastive, depending on context.

That is a very common question.

Since η κοιλιά της and ο λαιμός της are two coordinated nouns, you might expect a plural verb such as πονάνε. And yes, πονάνε is also possible.

But in Greek, especially in everyday speech, when the verb comes before a compound subject, a singular verb is very common:

• πονάει η κοιλιά της και ο λαιμός της

This sounds natural to many speakers. A plural version is also possible:

• πονάνε η κοιλιά της και ο λαιμός της

So the sentence uses a very normal colloquial agreement pattern.

Because Greek normally keeps the definite article with possessed nouns.

So Greek says:

• η κοιλιά της
• ο λαιμός της
• το βιβλίο μου

Literally, this is closer to the stomach of hers, the throat of hers, but in natural English we translate it as her stomach, her throat.

This is one of the big differences from English: the possessive does not replace the article.

Της here means her.

It is the weak genitive form used for possession:

• η κοιλιά της = her stomach
• ο λαιμός της = her throat

It is repeated because each noun phrase can carry its own possessive marker. Greek often repeats it naturally for clarity and rhythm.

You could also hear:

• η κοιλιά και ο λαιμός της

which can still mean her stomach and throat, if the context is clear. But repeating της is very common and very clear.

Not always in a strictly anatomical sense.

Κοιλιά literally means belly or tummy, but in everyday Greek it is also often used when someone means stomach in the sense of stomach pain or belly pain.

So in health complaints:

• με πονάει η κοιλιά μου can mean my stomach hurts

A more specifically anatomical word is στομάχι. But κοιλιά is extremely common in everyday speech.

Οπότε means something like:

• so
• therefore
• as a result

It connects the first idea to its consequence:

• she has stomach and throat pain, so she stays home

It is very common in spoken and written Greek.

It is different from:

• γιατί = because
• λοιπόν = often so / well / then, but with a different discourse function

Here οπότε clearly marks a result.

Both are possible.

In everyday Greek, some place nouns can appear without the preposition/article combination in expressions of going or staying somewhere, especially with very common places like σπίτι.

So you can say:

• μένει σπίτι
• μένει στο σπίτι

Both mean she stays home / she stays at home.

The version without στο is very natural and common in speech, especially when the meaning is general: staying home rather than emphasizing the physical house.

Because Greek often leaves subject pronouns out when they are already clear from the verb form or the context.

Μένει already tells you it is he/she/it stays. Since the subject has already been introduced as η φίλη μου, Greek does not need to repeat she.

So:

• οπότε μένει σπίτι = so she stays home

You would add αυτή only for emphasis or contrast, for example if you wanted to stress she, not someone else.

Yes, in most everyday contexts you can.

So this would also work:

• Η φίλη μου λέει πως πονάει η κοιλιά της και ο λαιμός της, οπότε μένει σπίτι.

In modern Greek, ότι and πως are often interchangeable after verbs like λέω.

Very roughly:

• ότι can feel a bit more neutral or standard
• πως is also extremely common, especially in speech

For a learner, it is good to recognize both.