Les framboises sont jolies, mais ces prunes viennent du village de ma tante.

Because les and ces do different jobs:

• les = the definite article, meaning the
• ces = the plural demonstrative adjective, meaning these or those

So:

• les framboises = the raspberries
• ces prunes = these/those plums

A learner will often notice that French uses les where English might sometimes say just raspberries in a general sense, but here the main grammar point is that les is an article, while ces points to specific items.

Because both subjects are plural:

• framboises = raspberries
• prunes = plums

In French, the verb must agree with the subject:

• les framboises sont = the raspberries are
• ces prunes viennent = these plums come

If the subject were singular, you would use singular forms:

• La framboise est jolie.
• Cette prune vient du village de ma tante.

Because adjectives in French agree with the noun they describe in gender and number.

The adjective joli changes like this:

• masculine singular: joli
• feminine singular: jolie
• masculine plural: jolis
• feminine plural: jolies

Here, framboises is feminine plural, so the adjective becomes jolies.

You usually learn French nouns together with their article:

• la framboise
• la prune

That tells you they are feminine.

In this sentence, les does not show gender, because les is used for both masculine and feminine plural nouns. But jolies helps you see that framboises is feminine, since the adjective is in the feminine plural form.

For prunes, you would know from vocabulary knowledge, or from seeing the singular form elsewhere:

• cette prune = this plum

Because ces is the form used with all plural nouns.

The demonstrative forms are:

• ce for masculine singular before most consonants
• cet for masculine singular before a vowel or mute h
• cette for feminine singular
• ces for plural

So:

• ce village
• cet arbre
• cette prune
• ces prunes

Yes. In normal French, ces can mean either these or those. Context usually makes it clear.

If you want to be more explicit, French can add:

• -ci for these
• -là for those

For example:

• ces prunes-ci = these plums
• ces prunes-là = those plums

But in many everyday sentences, plain ces is enough.

Du is the contraction of de + le.

So:

• de le village becomes du village

This contraction is required in standard French.

Here it is used after venir de, which often means to come from:

• venir du village = to come from the village

Similar contractions:

• de + le = du
• de + les = des

But:

• de + la = de la
• de + l' = de l'

That de links village to ma tante.

• le village de ma tante literally means the village of my aunt
• In natural English, that is often my aunt's village

So the sentence has two different de phrases:

• viennent du village = come from the village
• de ma tante = of my aunt / my aunt's

The first de is part of venir de.
The second de shows possession or association.

Because contractions like du only happen with certain articles:

• de + le = du
• de + les = des

But ma is not an article. It is a possessive adjective meaning my.

So:

• de ma tante stays de ma tante
• not du tante
• not de la ma tante

In French, venir de is a very common way to talk about origin or source.

So:

• Ces prunes viennent du village de ma tante = these plums come from my aunt’s village

You can use venir de for people, objects, food, ideas, and more:

• Je viens de Lyon.
• Ce vin vient d’Italie.

Be careful: venir de + infinitive can also mean to have just done something:

• Je viens de manger = I have just eaten

But that is a different structure. In your sentence, de is followed by a noun phrase (du village), so it means from.

Because it is a predicate adjective: it comes after the verb être and describes the subject.

• Les framboises sont jolies.

This works much like English:

• The raspberries are pretty.

So there is nothing unusual here. After être, adjectives normally come after the verb.

Because jolies is an adjective, not a noun.

After être, French simply uses the adjective directly:

• Elle est grande.
• Ils sont contents.
• Les framboises sont jolies.

You do not put an article before an adjective in this structure.

Yes, sometimes.

French often uses the definite article where English might use no article for general statements:

• Les chats aiment dormir. = Cats like sleeping.
• Les framboises sont riches en vitamines. = Raspberries are rich in vitamins.

So les framboises can mean:

• the raspberries in a specific context, or
• raspberries more generally

Context tells you which meaning is intended.

Yes, several final letters are silent.

A standard IPA pronunciation is:

/le fʁɑ̃bwaz sɔ̃ ʒɔli, mɛ se pʁyn vjɛn dy vilaʒ də ma tɑ̃t/

A few useful notes:

• framboises: the final -s is silent
• sont: the final -nt is silent
• jolies: the final -s is silent
• prunes: the final -s is silent
• viennent: the final -ent is silent
• tante: the final e is silent, but the t is pronounced

There are no major required liaisons in this sentence, because most of the following words begin with consonants.