Peux-tu m’envoyer le document par courriel ce soir?

Peux-tu uses inversion, a common way to form a yes/no question in French.

• Statement: Tu peux m’envoyer le document.
• Question: Peux-tu m’envoyer le document ?

In English, this is similar to changing You can send me the document into Can you send me the document?

French also has other ways to ask the same question, such as:

• Tu peux m’envoyer le document ce soir ? — very common in speech
• Est-ce que tu peux m’envoyer le document ce soir ? — also very common

So peux-tu is correct and natural, especially in slightly more careful or written French.

When French uses inversion, the verb and subject pronoun are joined by a hyphen.

So you write:

• Peux-tu
• Avez-vous
• Veut-il

Not:

• Peux tu
• Avez vous

The hyphen is part of the standard spelling for this question structure.

Because the subject is tu.

The present tense of pouvoir is:

• je peux
• tu peux
• il/elle/on peut
• nous pouvons
• vous pouvez
• ils/elles peuvent

So with tu, the correct form is peux.

That is why the sentence has Peux-tu... ? and not Peut-tu... ?

Because after pouvoir (can / to be able to), the next verb stays in the infinitive.

So:

• Peux-tu m’envoyer... ?
• Je peux venir.
• Nous pouvons partir.

This works much like English:

• Can you send...
• I can come.
• We can leave.

After a modal verb like can, English also uses the base form of the next verb. French does something similar with the infinitive.

M’ is the shortened form of me, meaning me or to me, depending on the verb.

In m’envoyer, it means to me:

• envoyer quelque chose à quelqu’un = to send something to someone
• m’envoyer le document = send me the document

So m’ refers to the person receiving the document.

Because me becomes m’ before a vowel sound.

Since envoyer begins with a vowel, French shortens me to m’:

• me + envoyer → m’envoyer

This is called elision.

You see the same thing in many other places:

• je aime → j’aime
• le ami → l’ami
• te inviter → t’inviter

French object pronouns usually come before the verb they belong to.

Here, m’ belongs with envoyer, because the meaning is send me the document.

So French says:

• Peux-tu m’envoyer le document ?

Not:

• Peux-tu envoyer me le document ?

This can feel unusual to English speakers, because English places me after send, but French puts the pronoun before the verb.

French uses articles much more often than English does. Here, le document means the document — probably a specific document that both speaker and listener already know about.

So:

• le document = the document

If the speaker meant a document, it would be:

• un document

English sometimes omits articles in places where French would not, so this is something learners often have to get used to.

Par courriel means by email.

• par = by / via
• courriel = email

This expression is especially standard in Canadian French. In France, people often say:

• par e-mail
• par mail

But par courriel is perfectly good French and very clear.

Par is used to show the means or method of sending something.

So:

• par courriel = by email
• par téléphone = by phone
• par message = by message

It answers the question How should it be sent?

Ce soir means this evening or tonight, depending on the context.

• ce = this
• soir = evening

French does not need a preposition here. English often says tonight or this evening, but French simply says ce soir.

Examples:

• Je travaille ce soir. = I’m working tonight.
• On se voit ce soir ? = Are we seeing each other tonight?

Tu is the informal singular form of you.

So this sentence is appropriate when speaking to:

• a friend
• a classmate
• a family member
• a coworker you know well

If you want to be more formal or polite, you would usually say:

• Pouvez-vous m’envoyer le document par courriel ce soir ?

That uses vous, the formal or plural form of you.

It is a normal and fairly polite request, especially if you know the person well. Using Peux-tu... ? is like saying Can you... ?

If you want to sound softer or more polite, you could add expressions such as:

• s’il te plaît = please
• quand tu auras un moment = when you have a moment

For example:

• Peux-tu m’envoyer le document par courriel ce soir, s’il te plaît ?

So the original sentence is fine, but it can be softened if needed.

Yes — absolutely. That is extremely common in everyday spoken French.

There are three very common ways to ask this kind of question:

• Peux-tu m’envoyer le document par courriel ce soir ? — inversion; a bit more formal/careful
• Est-ce que tu peux m’envoyer le document par courriel ce soir ? — very common and neutral
• Tu peux m’envoyer le document par courriel ce soir ? — very common in speech

All three are correct. The difference is mostly one of style and register, not basic meaning.