Le train arrive enfin à Lille.

In French, you usually need an article before a singular countable noun. So train normally appears as le train, un train, ce train, etc.

Here, le train means the train. French uses articles more consistently than English, so leaving it out would sound unnatural.

French verb endings work differently from English ones.

The verb here is arriver = to arrive. With le train (it), the present-tense form is:

• j’arrive
• tu arrives
• il / elle / on arrive
• nous arrivons
• vous arrivez
• ils / elles arrivent

So le train arrive is correct because le train is third-person singular, like it arrives.

Even though tu arrives and ils arrivent have extra letters in writing, those endings are often not pronounced differently.

Yes. This is the French present tense, but the French present often covers both:

• simple present: arrives
• present progressive: is arriving

So Le train arrive enfin à Lille can naturally mean something like:

• The train finally arrives in Lille
• The train is finally arriving in Lille

The exact English wording depends on context.

In French, short adverbs like enfin often come after the conjugated verb:

• Le train arrive enfin...

That is a very natural position.

French adverb placement is not always the same as English. English often puts finally before the verb, but French commonly places enfin after it.

You can sometimes move it for emphasis, for example:

• Enfin, le train arrive à Lille.

But in your sentence, arrive enfin is the most straightforward and natural structure.

Here enfin means finally or at last.

It suggests that the arrival was expected, delayed, or long-awaited.

Be careful: enfin can also have other uses in conversation, such as well, I mean, or anyway, depending on tone and context. But in this sentence, it clearly means finally / at last.

With most city names in French, à is the normal preposition for to, in, or at, depending on context.

So:

• à Lille = to Lille / in Lille

With a verb of movement like arriver, English usually says arrive in or arrive at, while French uses arriver à before a place name:

• arriver à Lille = to arrive in Lille

Most city names in French are used without an article.

So you say:

• à Paris
• à Londres
• à Lille

not:

• au Paris
• à la Londres
• à la Lille

Forms like au and à la are used when there is an article, especially with many country names or common nouns:

• au Canada
• à la gare

But Lille as a city name does not normally take an article.

A careful approximate pronunciation is:

luh trun ah-reev on-fan ah leel

A few important points:

• le sounds like a short luh
• train has a nasal vowel; the n is not fully pronounced like English train
• arrive sounds like ah-reev
• enfin also has a nasal sound
• Lille sounds like leel

A more IPA-style version is roughly:

lə tʁɛ̃ a.ʁiv ɑ̃.fɛ̃ a lil

Not all of them.

• train: the final n is not pronounced as a separate n sound; it nasalizes the vowel
• enfin: same idea; the final n is part of a nasal vowel
• Lille: the final e is not pronounced, but the l sound is

So:

• train is not like English train
• enfin is not pronounced with a clear final n
• Lille is basically leel

Usually, no obligatory liaison is made here in normal speech.

For example:

• le train arrive: no standard liaison between train and arrive
• enfin à: no usual liaison there either

So the words are generally pronounced separately, though naturally connected in fluent speech.

Yes. That is grammatically possible, but it changes the emphasis slightly.

• Le train arrive enfin à Lille.
  Neutral statement: the train finally arrives in Lille.

• Enfin, le train arrive à Lille.
  Stronger emphasis on finally: At last, the train arrives in Lille.

So both are possible, but the original version is the more plain, standard wording.

No. In this sentence, yes, it means physical arrival at a destination: arriver à Lille.

But arriver à can also mean to manage to before an infinitive:

• J’arrive à comprendre. = I manage to understand.

So when you see arriver à, always check what comes after it:

• arriver à + place = arrive in/at a place
• arriver à + infinitive = manage to do something