Avaan oven avaimella, kun tulen kotiin.

I open the door with a key when I come home.

Breakdown of Avaan oven avaimella, kun tulen kotiin.

• minä: I
• koti: the home
• avata: to open
• kun: when
• ovi: the door
• tulla: to come
• -iin: to
• avain: the key
• -lla: on (time: “on/at”)

Questions & Answers about Avaan oven avaimella, kun tulen kotiin.

Why is it Avaan and not Minä avaan? Is the subject missing?

Finnish usually drops subject pronouns because the verb ending already shows the person.

• avaan = (minä) avaan = I open You can add minä if you want extra emphasis/contrast (for example: Minä avaan oven, en sinä = I’ll open the door, not you), but normally it’s omitted.

What case is oven, and why does it end in -n?

oven is the total object form. With a singular noun in a normal positive indicative sentence, the total object looks like the genitive: -n.

• ovi = door (basic form)
• oven = the door (as a complete/definite object: you open the whole door)

How would the sentence change if the action were not “complete”? Why not avaan ovea?

ovea would be the partitive object, which suggests an incomplete/ongoing/indefinite action.

• Avaan oven. = I open the door (a complete event; the door gets opened)
• Avaan ovea. = I’m opening the door / I’m trying to open the door / I’m opening (some) door (focus on process, not completion)

What case is avaimella, and how does it mean with a key?

avaimella is the adessive case (-lla/-llä). One common use of the adessive is “by means of / using”.

• avain = key
• avaimella = with a key / using a key

Why does avain become avaimella (where does the m come from)?

Some Finnish nouns have a different stem in “oblique” cases (cases other than the basic nominative). avain is one of them:

• nominative: avain
• genitive: avaimen
• adessive: avaimella So the stem used in many case forms is avaime- / avaim-, which includes m.

Could I also say avaan oven avaimin? What’s the difference?

Yes. avaimin is the instructive plural, meaning by means of keys (more formal/less common in everyday speech).

• avaimella = with a key (normal, everyday)
• avaimin = with keys / by using keys (often sounds more “set phrase” or formal)

Why is kotiin used, and what case is it?

kotiin is the illative case, which expresses movement into something (destination).

• koti = home
• kotiin = (to) home, (in the sense of going/coming home)

What’s the difference between kotiin, kotona, and kotoa?

They’re different location/direction cases:

• kotiin (illative) = to/into home (destination): tulen kotiin = I come home
• kotona (inessive-like meaning for home; actually adessive form) = at home: olen kotona = I am at home
• kotoa (ablative) = from home: lähden kotoa = I leave from home

What does kun mean here, and how is it different from koska?

Here kun introduces a time clause: when.

• kun tulen kotiin = when I come home

koska is typically because (reason), though it can sometimes also mean “when” in certain contexts. In this sentence, kun is the natural choice for “when”.

Why is there a comma before kun?

In Finnish, a subordinate clause is normally separated with a comma.

• Avaan oven avaimella, kun tulen kotiin. You can also put the kun clause first; it still takes a comma:
• Kun tulen kotiin, avaan oven avaimella.

Why is tulen in the present tense if the meaning is about the future or a routine?

Finnish often uses the present tense for:

• habits/routines: “Whenever I come home, I open…”
• near-future or planned events: “When I come home (later), I’ll open…” Context tells you whether it’s habitual or future.

Is the word order fixed? Could I rearrange it?

Word order is flexible, and changes emphasis more than basic meaning. Common alternatives:

• Avaan oven avaimella, kun tulen kotiin. (main action first)
• Kun tulen kotiin, avaan oven avaimella. (time setting first)
• Avaan avaimella oven, kun tulen kotiin. (slight emphasis on “with a key”)