Breakdown of Kiam vi alvenos, mi jam estos fininta la raporton kaj sendinta ĝin al la estro.
mi
I
esti
to be
vi
you
kaj
and
Questions & Answers about Kiam vi alvenos, mi jam estos fininta la raporton kaj sendinta ĝin al la estro.
Why is alvenos in the future tense after kiam?
Because the sentence refers to a real event in the future: when you will arrive. In Esperanto, it is normal to use the future tense in a kiam clause if the action really is future.
So:
- Kiam vi alvenos = When you arrive / when you will arrive
- mi jam estos fininta... = I will already have finished...
English often uses the present tense after when (When you arrive), but Esperanto can use the future directly here.
What does estos fininta mean exactly?
Estos fininta is a future form meaning will have finished.
It is made from:
- estos = will be
- fininta = having finished / finished (active past participle)
Together, esti + active past participle expresses that by some future point, the action will already be completed.
So:
- mi estos fininta la raporton = I will have finished the report
This is similar to the English future perfect.
Why does Esperanto use estos fininta instead of just one verb form?
Esperanto does not have a single special verb ending for the English-style future perfect. Instead, it builds that meaning analytically: