Razrednica mi je jutros poslala poruku i pitala kako je.

Razrednica is a feminine noun meaning a female homeroom teacher, form teacher, or class teacher. The masculine form is razrednik.

So the word tells you both the role and the fact that the teacher is female.

Mi is the unstressed dative form of ja and means to me.

In this sentence:

• poslala poruku = sent a message
• mi = to me

So poslala mi je poruku means she sent me a message.

Because both mi and je are clitics, and Croatian clitics have a fixed order.

Here:

• mi = dative clitic
• je = auxiliary clitic

The normal order is mi je, not je mi.

Croatian clitics also tend to appear near the beginning of the clause, usually after the first stressed element. That is why you get:

• Razrednica mi je jutros poslala poruku

rather than putting mi and je later in the sentence.

The first je is an auxiliary verb, the 3rd person singular present of biti (to be), used to form the perfect tense.

So:

• je poslala = has sent / sent
• je pitala = has asked / asked

In everyday Croatian, the perfect tense is the normal way to talk about past actions.

Because they are feminine singular past participle forms, agreeing with razrednica.

Since razrednica is feminine singular, the verbs must match it:

• poslala
• pitala

Compare:

• masculine: poslao, pitao
• feminine: poslala, pitala
• neuter: poslalo, pitalo

Because poruku is the accusative singular form, used for the direct object.

• dictionary form: poruka = message
• accusative singular: poruku

Since the message is the thing that was sent, Croatian uses the accusative:

• poslala poruku = sent a message

This is very common with feminine nouns ending in -a:

• nominative: poruka
• accusative: poruku

Jutros means this morning.

It is an adverb, so it does not need a preposition here.

Compare:

• jutros = this morning
• ujutro = in the morning / in the mornings

So jutros is a single adverbial word meaning the action happened this morning.

Because Croatian often omits a repeated auxiliary when two past-tense verbs share the same subject.

So:

• Razrednica mi je jutros poslala poruku i pitala...

is understood as:

• Razrednica mi je jutros poslala poruku i (je) pitala...

The second je is simply left out because it is already understood.

Croatian often leaves out object pronouns when they are obvious from context.

So pitala kako je can mean that she asked someone understood from context how a third person was/is.

If you wanted to make the person asked explicit, you could say:

• pitala me kako je = asked me how he/she is
• pitala ga kako je = asked him how he is

In the original sentence, Croatian leaves that object unstated because it is recoverable from context.

Literally, kako je means how he/she/it is.

Here:

• kako = how
• je = is

The subject is not stated, because Croatian often omits pronouns when the context already makes the reference clear.

So in isolation, kako je is a bit ambiguous. It depends on who has already been mentioned in the conversation.

Because English often backshifts the tense in reported speech after a past verb like asked.

Croatian does not have to do that in the same way.

So Croatian can say:

• pitala kako je

while natural English may be:

• asked how he/she was

or

• asked how he/she is

depending on context.

So the Croatian present tense here does not always have to be translated with an English present.

Because Croatian often drops subject pronouns when they are not needed.

The subject is already clear because:

• razrednica names the person
• poslala and pitala show feminine singular agreement

So adding ona would usually be unnecessary.

Yes. Croatian word order is fairly flexible, although clitics still follow their usual placement rules.

For example, you could also hear:

• Jutros mi je razrednica poslala poruku i pitala kako je.

This still means the same thing, but the emphasis shifts slightly. Putting jutros first highlights the time.

So the exact order can change, but mi je still stays together in the normal clitic position.