Jo també vull anar al dentista perquè tinc una dent que em fa mal.

Yes. Catalan often drops subject pronouns because the verb ending already shows who the subject is. So:

• vull already means I want

That means Jo també vull anar al dentista could also be said as:

• També vull anar al dentista

Including jo adds emphasis or contrast, something like:

• I also want to go to the dentist
• Me too, I want to go to the dentist

So jo is not required here, but it is perfectly natural if the speaker wants to stress I.

També means also or too.

In this sentence:

• Jo també vull anar al dentista

it means I also want to go to the dentist.

Its position is quite natural in Catalan, usually near the element it modifies. Here it affects the whole idea of I want to go too.

You could think of it as:

• Jo també vull... = I also want...

Catalan word order is sometimes more flexible than English, but this is a very standard placement.

Because voler means to want, and after it Catalan normally uses an infinitive, just like English:

• vull anar = I want to go
• vull menjar = I want to eat
• vull dormir = I want to sleep

So:

• vull = I want
• anar = to go

Together: I want to go.

Yes. Literally:

• anar = to go
• al dentista = to the dentist

So anar al dentista means to go to the dentist.

In practice, this often means to go for a dentist appointment or to go to the dentist’s office, not necessarily just to walk toward the person.

It is the normal way to express this idea in Catalan.

Because a + el contracts to al in Catalan.

So:

• a + el = al

Examples:

• al dentista
• al metge = to the doctor
• al cinema = to the cinema

This is similar to contractions in other Romance languages.

Dentista is the standard Catalan word for dentist.

A useful thing to know is that dentista can be masculine or feminine depending on the article:

• el dentista = the male dentist
• la dentista = the female dentist

So if you know the dentist is a woman, you might say:

• anar a la dentista

In your sentence, al dentista uses the masculine article.

Here perquè means because.

So the sentence is divided into two parts:

• Jo també vull anar al dentista = I also want to go to the dentist
• perquè tinc una dent que em fa mal = because I have a tooth that hurts

So perquè introduces the reason.

No. They are different.

• perquè = because
• per què = why / for what

Examples:

• Vaig al dentista perquè em fa mal una dent. = I’m going to the dentist because a tooth hurts.
• Per què vas al dentista? = Why are you going to the dentist?

This is a very common point of confusion for learners.

Because Catalan often uses structures that sound a bit different from English.

Here:

• tinc una dent que em fa mal

literally means something like:

• I have a tooth that causes me pain

But in natural English, we would usually say:

• I have a toothache
• One of my teeth hurts
• I’ve got a tooth that hurts

So the Catalan structure is normal and idiomatic, even if it sounds slightly more literal when translated word-for-word.

Here que is a relative pronoun meaning that or which.

So:

• una dent que em fa mal = a tooth that hurts / a tooth that is hurting me

It connects una dent with the description about that tooth.

Other similar examples:

• un llibre que m’agrada = a book that I like
• una persona que conec = a person that I know

So this is a very common and important use of que.

Fer mal is a very common Catalan expression meaning to hurt or to cause pain.

Literally:

• fer = to do / to make
• mal = harm / pain / bad

So:

• em fa mal literally means it does pain to me or it causes me pain
• natural English: it hurts

In the sentence:

• una dent que em fa mal

the meaning is:

• a tooth that hurts
• more literally: a tooth that is hurting me

This is a key expression to learn because Catalan uses fer mal a lot.

Em means to me.

It is the unstressed object pronoun for me used before the verb.

So:

• em fa mal = it hurts me / it causes me pain

Other forms are:

• em = to me
• et = to you
• li = to him/her
• ens = to us
• us = to you all
• els = to them

Examples:

• Em fa mal el cap. = My head hurts.
• Et fa mal la cama? = Does your leg hurt?
• Li fa mal l’esquena. = His/Her back hurts.

Because in Catalan, object pronouns like em, et, li, ens usually come before a conjugated verb.

So:

• em fa mal
• et dic la veritat
• li agrada molt

This is normal Catalan word order.

English usually puts the object after the verb, but Catalan often uses these short pronouns before the verb.

Because the speaker is referring to one tooth, not a specific tooth already identified in the conversation.

• una dent = a tooth
• la dent = the tooth

Here the idea is I have a tooth that hurts, meaning one of my teeth.

So the indefinite article una is the natural choice.

Yes, you could, and it is also natural.

Compare:

• tinc una dent que em fa mal
• em fa mal una dent

Both mean roughly one of my teeth hurts.

The difference is mostly one of focus:

• tinc una dent que em fa mal emphasizes I have a tooth that hurts
• em fa mal una dent emphasizes the pain more directly: a tooth hurts

Both are good Catalan.

Both are related to teeth, but they are not exactly the same.

• dent = tooth in general
• queixal = usually a molar

So if you are speaking generally, dent is the safest word.

Examples:

• Em fa mal una dent. = A tooth hurts.
• Em fa mal un queixal. = One of my molars hurts.

A learner will usually want to know dent first, because it is the broader word.

Vull can be tricky for English speakers because of the ll.

In most modern Catalan pronunciation, ll is like the lli sound in million for many learners, though the exact sound can vary by dialect.

So vull is approximately like:

• vooy or vuy as a rough guide

The exact pronunciation depends on the variety of Catalan, but the important thing is that it is not pronounced like English l + l separately.

The accents show stress and sometimes help distinguish words.

• també has the stress on the last syllable
• perquè also has the stress on the last syllable

The accent marks are important in Catalan spelling, so it is best to learn them as part of the word.

They also help distinguish similar-looking forms, especially with perquè / per què.

Yes, very natural.

A Catalan speaker could absolutely say:

• Jo també vull anar al dentista perquè tinc una dent que em fa mal.

It sounds like normal spoken or written Catalan.

In everyday conversation, a speaker might also simplify or rephrase it, for example:

• També vull anar al dentista perquè em fa mal una dent.
• Jo també he d’anar al dentista perquè em fa mal una dent.

But your original sentence is completely correct and natural.