Ons stuur die beskadigde produk terug.

In Afrikaans, ons can mean both we and us.

In this sentence, ons is the subject, so it means we:

• Ons stuur ... terug. = We send ... back.

Examples:

• Ons help hulle. = We help them.
• Hulle help ons. = They help us.

So unlike English, Afrikaans does not change the form the way we/us does.

Die means the.

Afrikaans does not have grammatical gender the way languages like German or Dutch do, so you do not need different forms of the for masculine, feminine, or neuter nouns. That makes things much simpler.

So:

• die produk = the product
• die tafel = the table
• die vrou = the woman

Also, die is used for both singular and plural definite nouns:

• die produk = the product
• die produkte = the products

This is because Afrikaans adjectives often take an extra ending when they come before a noun.

Here:

• beskadig = damaged (basic adjective form)
• die beskadigde produk = the damaged product

So the -de ending appears because the adjective is being used attributively, meaning directly in front of the noun.

Compare:

• Die produk is beskadig. = The product is damaged.
  No extra ending here, because the adjective comes after is.
• die beskadigde produk = the damaged product
  Here it comes before the noun, so it takes the ending.

This is a very common pattern in Afrikaans.

Terug means back, and in Afrikaans it often appears at the end with verbs like stuur terug (send back).

So:

• Ons stuur die beskadigde produk terug.

This word order is normal in Afrikaans. English also often puts back near the end:

• We send the damaged product back.

Afrikaans frequently places particles like terug, op, uit, etc. after the object in a main clause.

Both ideas are connected.

In many cases, Afrikaans treats this like a separable verb:

• Main clause: Ons stuur die produk terug.
• Infinitive or past participle contexts often use terugstuur as one word.

Examples:

• Ons wil die produk terugstuur. = We want to send the product back.
• Hy het die produk teruggestuur. = He sent the product back.

So in the sentence you were given, stuur ... terug is the normal main-clause pattern.

Yes. Stuur here is present tense, and Afrikaans present tense often covers both simple present and present continuous, depending on context.

So Ons stuur die beskadigde produk terug can mean:

• We send the damaged product back
• We are sending the damaged product back

Afrikaans usually does not make the same strong grammatical distinction that English does between send and are sending.

If you want the past tense, you would usually say:

• Ons het die beskadigde produk teruggestuur. = We sent the damaged product back.

Afrikaans normally uses a double negative with nie ... nie.

So:

• Ons stuur die beskadigde produk terug.
  becomes
• Ons stuur nie die beskadigde produk terug nie.
  = We do not send the damaged product back.

This is one of the most important features of Afrikaans grammar.

Pattern:

• subject + verb + nie
  • rest of sentence + nie

Because produk is the singular form.

The plural is usually:

• produk → produkte

So:

• die beskadigde produk = the damaged product
• die beskadigde produkte = the damaged products

The sentence uses singular because it says produk, not produkte.

Yes. Beskadigde just adds extra information.

• Ons stuur die produk terug. = We send the product back.
• Ons stuur die beskadigde produk terug. = We send the damaged product back.

So beskadigde is simply modifying produk and telling you which product is being talked about.

A rough guide is:

• beskadigde ≈ beh-SKAH-dukh-duh

A few helpful points:

• The stress is usually on ska: be-SKA-dig-de
• The Afrikaans g is not like the English g in go
• It is usually a throaty sound, similar to the ch in Scottish loch or German Bach

You do not need perfect pronunciation right away, but it helps to know that Afrikaans g is usually much harsher than English g.

Yes. The structure stays the same; only the subject changes.

For example:

• Ek stuur die beskadigde produk terug. = I send/am sending the damaged product back.
• Hulle stuur die beskadigde produk terug. = They send/are sending the damaged product back.
• Sy stuur die beskadigde produk terug. = She sends/is sending the damaged product back.

One useful thing about Afrikaans is that the verb usually does not change form depending on the subject:

• Ek stuur
• Ons stuur
• Hulle stuur

That is much simpler than English I send / he sends.