Learn Farsi: خانمی که ساعتش ارزشمند است، باید مشخصات آن را توصیف کند. - The lady whose watch is valuable must describe its details.

Farsi doesn't have a single direct equivalent for "whose". Instead, it uses ke (that/who) followed by the noun with a possessive ending. So, khânomi ke sâ'atash... literally means "the lady that her watch...". This is the standard way to create a possessive relative clause in Farsi.

Why does the sentence start with khânomi (a lady) when the English translation says "The lady"?

The -i at the end of khânomi isn't the indefinite article meaning "a" or "some" here. This is the restrictive -i, which pairs with ke to single out a specific person or thing. It essentially means "the particular lady who...".

Why does râ come after ân instead of right after moshakhkhasât?

The object marker râ must follow the entire direct object phrase. The direct object here isn't just "details", but "its details" (moshakhkhasât-e ân). Since ân (it/that) is part of this noun phrase, connected by an ezafe, the râ waits to attach until the very end of the phrase.

Why is the final verb towsif konad rather than the standard present tense towsif mikonad?

The verb is in the subjunctive mood because it is triggered by bâyad (must) earlier in the sentence. Whenever you use a modal word like must, should, or want, the following verb must take the subjunctive form. For the compound verb (to describe), this means using instead of .