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Danish

### Welcome to Danish!

Let's start speaking by pointing out where people and things are. 

In Danish, verbs are incredibly friendly: they **do not change form** based on who is doing the action. The verb *være* (to be) becomes **er** in the present tense. Whether you want to say "am," "are," or "is," you will always just use **er**.

Here are the basic singular pronouns:
- **jeg** (I)
- **du** (you)
- **han** (he)
- **hun** (she)

Let's use **er** to locate people with the words **her** (here) and **der** (there):

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### The Definite Suffix: Saying "The"

Danish nouns belong to one of two categories, called genders: **common** and **neuter**. There is no logical rule for which is which, so you will learn a noun's gender as you meet it.

In English, you put the word "the" in front of a noun. In Danish, "the" is a suffix attached to the **end** of the word:
- For common nouns, add **-en**. (For example, *mand* becomes **manden**, meaning "the man").
- For neuter nouns, add **-et**. (For example, *hus* becomes **huset**, meaning "the house").

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### Saying "It" (den vs. det)

Because nouns have two genders, there are two ways to say "it". You choose the pronoun that matches the noun you are replacing:
- Use **den** to refer to common nouns (words that take *-en*).
- Use **det** to refer to neuter nouns (words that take *-et*).

If you are talking about *bilen* (the car, common), you use **den**:

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If you are talking about *huset* (the house, neuter), you use **det**:

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### Putting It Together

You can connect subjects or full sentences using **og** (and). 

Remember our golden rule: Danish verbs never change form for the subject. Even if the subject is plural (like "the man and the woman"), the verb is still simply **er**!

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Definite nouns and the copula (-en, -et, er)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Indefinite articles (en, et)

Present tense verbs and word order (-r)

Plural subject pronouns (vi, I, de)

The verb to have (har)

Yes/No questions

Wh-questions (hvad, hvem, hvor)

Main clause negation (ikke)

Regular noun plurals (-er, -r)

Short noun plurals (-e)

Definite plurals (-ne)

Neuter adjective agreement (-t)

Plural adjective agreement (-e)

Adjectives with indefinite nouns

Adjectives with definite nouns (den / det / de ... -e)

Numbers 1 to 10

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Expressing age (er ... år)

Genitive possession (-s)

Singular possessives (min, din)

Third-person possessives (hans, hendes)

Plural possessives (vores, jeres, deres)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sit, sine)

Singular object pronouns (mig, dig)

Plural object pronouns (os, jer, dem)

The infinitive marker (at)

The modal verb can (kan)

The modal verb want to (vil)

The modal verb must (skal)

Negating modal verbs

Inversion after adverbs

Prepositions of position (i, på)

Prepositions of direction (til, fra)

Days of the week (mandag, tirsdag...)

Months of the year (januar, februar...)

Telling time (hel, halv, kvart)

Coordinating conjunctions (og, men, eller)

Subordinating conjunctions (at, fordi)

Subordinate clause negation

Commands (køb, vent, spis)

Zero-ending neuter plurals

The Human Body: Head and Face

The Human Body: Limbs and Torso

Personal Hygiene

Digital Life

Tools and Hardware

Emergency and Safety

Common Materials

Money and Payments

Short answers (Ja, det gør jeg)

Greetings (hej, godmorgen, farvel)

Thanks and apologies (tak, undskyld)

Jobs and nationalities (Hun er lærer)

Likes and dislikes (kan godt lide)

Somebody and something (nogen, noget, ingen)

How much? (meget, lidt, mere, nok)

With, by, over and under (med, ved, over, under)

Ordinals and dates (den første april)

Wishes for every occasion (tillykke, god bedring)

Times of day (om morgenen, om aftenen)

My day (stå op, gå i seng)

Past tense I: -ede and -te (i går)

My new hat (min nye hat, små, gamle)

Past tense II: irregular verbs (var, havde, gik)

Reacting in a conversation (nå, det lyder godt)

The family and irregular plurals (mænd, børn, fødder)

In the shop (Hvad koster det?)

Demonstratives: that and those (den, det, de)

Demonstratives: this and these (denne, dette, disse)

Adverbs of manner (-t)

Comparing things (-ere, end)

Superlative adjectives (-est)

Definite superlative adjectives (-este)

Irregular adjective comparison

Comparing long adjectives (mere, mest)

The reflexive pronoun (sig)

Reflexive verbs

Reciprocal verbs (-s)

Deponent verbs (-s)

Past opinions (syntes)

Present perfect tense with regular verbs (har... -et/-t)

Present perfect tense with irregular verbs (har...)

Present perfect tense with movement (er...)

Past perfect tense (havde / var...)

Future with present tense

Question	Answer
I	jeg
to be	være
here	her
I am here.	Jeg er her.
you	du
there	der
You are there.	Du er der.
he	han
He is here.	Han er her.
she	hun
She is there.	Hun er der.
the man	manden
The man is here.	Manden er her.
the woman	kvinden
The woman is there.	Kvinden er der.
the car	bilen
The car is here.	Bilen er her.
it (common)	den
It is here.	Den er her.
the house	huset
The house is there.	Huset er der.
it (neuter)	det
It is there.	Det er der.
and	og
I am there, and you are here.	Jeg er der, og du er her.
The man and the woman are here.	Manden og kvinden er her.
The car and the house are there.	Bilen og huset er der.
He is there, and she is here.	Han er der, og hun er her.
It is there, and it is here.	Den er der, og det er her.