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### Exact Hours

To state what time it is, simply use the word **saat** (time/hour) followed by the number. If you want to specify that a time is "exactly" on the hour, you can add the word **tam** (exactly).

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### Half Past

To say "half past" an hour, Turkish uses the word **buçuk**. Just place it directly after the hour.

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Let's also look at how to state the time for a **mola** (break).

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### "Buçuk" vs. "Yarım"

Turkish has two different words for "half," and they cannot be swapped:
- Use **buçuk** when adding a half to a whole number (like "half past ten" or "two and a half").
- Use **yarım** when you mean "half of something" on its own (like "half an hour" or "half an apple").

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### Minutes and Seconds

Time is divided into hours, minutes (**dakika**), and seconds (**saniye**).

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### Fast and Slow Clocks

The versatile word **saat** means "time" and "hour", but it also means "clock" or "watch". Because of this, you can use possessive suffixes on it, such as **saatim** (my watch).

If your watch or clock is running fast, you say it is **ileri** (literally: forward). If it is running slow, it is **geri** (literally: backward).

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### Alarms and Commands

When dealing with an **alarm**, electronics, or doors, Turkish uses the verbs **açmak** (to open / turn on) and **kapatmak** (to close / turn off).

To give a direct command, you simply use the verb root (like **kapat** for "turn off!"). To tell someone *not* to do something, add the negative suffix **-ma** or **-me** to that root (like **kapatma**).

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Telling time (saat, buçuk)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
hour / o'clock	saat
exactly / fully / completely	tam
It is exactly nine o'clock.	Saat tam dokuz.
The exam is exactly at ten o'clock.	Sınav saat tam on.
half past	buçuk
Now it is half past three.	Şimdi saat üç buçuk.
The program is not at half past seven.	Program saat yedi buçuk değil.
break	mola
When is the break?	Mola ne zaman?
The break is at half past ten.	Mola saat on buçuk.
half (amount)	yarım
The break is half an hour.	Mola yarım saat.
There is half an apple here.	Burada yarım elma var.
minute	dakika
One hour is sixty minutes.	Bir saat altmış dakika.
The break is twenty minutes.	Mola yirmi dakika.
second (unit of time)	saniye
One minute is sixty seconds.	Bir dakika altmış saniye.
Please wait ten seconds!	Lütfen on saniye bekle!
fast (for clocks)	ileri
My watch is fast.	Saatim ileri.
Is the clock five minutes fast?	Saat beş dakika ileri mi?
slow (for clocks)	geri
No, my watch is slow.	Hayır, saatim geri.
This clock is ten minutes slow.	Bu saat on dakika geri.
alarm	alarm
My alarm is at half past six.	Alarmım saat altı buçuk.
Please turn on the alarm.	Lütfen alarmı aç.
to turn off / to close	kapatmak
Turn off the alarm!	Alarmı kapat!
Please do not close the door!	Lütfen kapıyı kapatma!
quarter (of an hour)	çeyrek
It is a quarter to three.	Saat üçe çeyrek var.
A quarter is fifteen minutes.	Bir çeyrek on beş dakikadır.
past (the hour)	geçe
I am coming at five past nine.	Saat dokuzu beş geçe geliyorum.
The meeting is at a quarter past two.	Toplantı ikiyi çeyrek geçe.
to (the hour)	kala
I close at ten to ten.	Saat ona on kala kapatıyorum.
I am here at a quarter to five.	Beşe çeyrek kala buradayım.
time, occasion (üç kez)	kez
I do sport three times a week.	Haftada üç kez spor yapıyorum.
I drink coffee once a day.	Günde bir kez kahve içiyorum.
time (available time)	vakit
I have no time; we'll talk later.	Vaktim yok, sonra konuşuyoruz.
Today we have a lot of time.	Bugün çok vaktimiz var.

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