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### "Despite" and "In Spite Of" (-e rağmen)

To express "despite" or "in spite of" in Turkish, use the postposition **rağmen**. 

This word always requires the preceding noun or pronoun to take the dative case. Simply attach the dative suffix (**-a**, **-e**, **-ya**, or **-ye**) to the obstacle or condition, followed by the word **rağmen**.

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### With Possessive Suffixes

When you want to say "despite *my* warning" or "despite *his* fatigue," the dative suffix attaches *after* the possessive suffix.

Remember that when adding case endings to the third-person possessive suffix (his/her/its/their), you must insert the buffer letter **-n-** (e.g., *yorgunluğuna*).

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### Obstacles and Resistance

**Rağmen** is incredibly useful for describing people pushing through social pressure, objections, or setbacks.

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### Multiple Conditions

If you are listing multiple obstacles (e.g., "despite the pain and the defeat"), you must attach the dative suffix to *every* noun in the list. The word **rağmen** appears only once at the very end of the list.

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Concession (-e rağmen)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

Question	Answer
despite / in spite of	rağmen
Despite the rain, we are going outside.	Yağmura rağmen dışarı çıkıyoruz.
warning	uyarı
Despite my warning, he is going to school.	Benim uyarıma rağmen okula gidiyor.
condition	şart
Despite the bad conditions, we are working.	Kötü şartlara rağmen çalışıyoruz.
fatigue / exhaustion	yorgunluk
Despite his fatigue, he is not resting at all.	Yorgunluğuna rağmen hiç dinlenmiyor.
Despite the danger, he is smiling.	Tehlikeye rağmen gülümsüyor.
effort	çaba
Despite all our efforts, the problem is not ending.	Bütün çabalarımıza rağmen problem bitmiyor.
objection	itiraz
Despite the objections, the manager is confirming the decision.	İtirazlara rağmen müdür kararı onaylıyor.
pressure	baskı
Despite society's pressure, they are not giving up.	Toplumun baskısına rağmen vazgeçmiyorlar.
defeat	yenilgi
Despite the defeat, the team is working hard.	Yenilgiye rağmen takım çok çalışıyor.
Are they swimming despite the cold?	Soğuğa rağmen yüzüyorlar mı?
Despite the clear evidence, she is hiding the truth.	Net kanıta rağmen gerçeği gizliyor.
Despite the pitch-dark night, she is walking alone.	Kapkaranlık geceye rağmen yalnız yürüyor.
Was he sleeping despite the storm?	Fırtınaya rağmen uyuyor muydu?
pain / ache	ağrı
Despite her toothache, she is eating cake.	Diş ağrısına rağmen pasta yiyor.
reaction	tepki
Despite his mistake, they are not reacting at all.	Onun hatasına rağmen hiç tepki vermiyorlar.
Despite her illness, she is preparing dinner.	Hastalığına rağmen akşam yemeği hazırlıyor.
The young player is playing well despite the pressure.	Genç oyuncu baskıya rağmen iyi oynuyor.
Despite the negative conditions and tiredness, they showed a lot of effort.	Olumsuz şartlara ve yorgunluğa rağmen çok çaba gösterdiler.
Despite the warnings, objections, and reactions, the manager did not change the decision.	Uyarılara, itirazlara ve tepkilere rağmen müdür kararı değiştirmedi.
Despite the pain and the defeat, the players did not give up.	Ağrıya ve yenilgiye rağmen oyuncular pes etmedi.
however; only just	ancak
We worked a lot; however, the result did not change.	Çok çalıştık, ancak sonuç değişmedi.
We ran and only just caught the bus.	Koştuk ve otobüse ancak yetiştik.
Despite all my effort, I only just came second.	Bütün çabama rağmen ancak ikinci oldum.