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Spanish (Spain)

### Stem-changing verbs (o to ue)

Another common stem change in Spanish is from **o** to **ue**. 

This change happens in all forms *except* **nosotros/nosotras** (we) and **vosotros/vosotras** (you all).

For example, with the verb **dormir** (to sleep):

{{item:1102149}}

{{item:1102151}}

Here is the full present tense conjugation for **dormir**:

| Pronoun | Form |
|---|---|
| yo | d**ue**rmo |
| tú | d**ue**rmes |
| él, ella, usted | d**ue**rme |
| nosotros/as | d**o**rmimos |
| vosotros/as | d**o**rmís |
| ellos, ellas, ustedes | d**ue**rmen |

### Abilities and possibilities

The verb **poder** (to be able to / can) is a crucial **o** to **ue** verb. It is often followed directly by an infinitive (an unconjugated verb) to talk about what you can or cannot do.

{{item:1102153}}

{{item:1102154}}

### Finding and returning

Other common **o** to **ue** verbs include **encontrar** (to find) and **volver** (to return).

{{item:1102156}}

Remember, the **nosotros** and **vosotros** forms always keep the original **o**.

{{item:1102158}}

{{item:1102161}}

### Remembering

The verb **recordar** (to remember) follows the exact same pattern.

{{item:1102164}}

{{item:1102165}}

Stem-changing verbs: o to ue

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular subjects and 'ser' (yo soy, esto es)

Plural nouns and definite articles (los, las)

Plural pronouns and 'ser' (somos, sois, son)

Adjective agreement (-o, -a, -os, -as)

Indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas)

Simple negation (no)

Yes/no questions

Regular '-ar' verbs (-o, -as, -a...)

Regular '-er' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Regular '-ir' verbs (-o, -es, -e...)

Locative adverbs (aquí, allí)

Question words (quién, cómo)

The verb estar (estoy, estás)

The preposition en (en)

Ser vs. estar

The verb tener (tengo, tienes)

Possessive determiners (mi, tu, su)

Origin and possession (de, del)

The verb ir (voy, vas)

Destination (a, al)

The personal 'a' (a)

Stem-changing verbs: e to ie

Irregular first-person verbs

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, dos, tres)

Numbers 11 to 20 (once, doce, trece)

Counting by tens to 100 (treinta, cuarenta, cien)

Compound numbers up to 99 (veintiuno, treinta y uno)

Days of the week (el lunes, el martes)

The family and the personal 'a' (a mi tío, a mi prima)

Months of the year

Telling time (es la, son las)

Verbs of liking (me gusta)

Plural agreement with verbs of liking (gustan)

Degree modifiers (muy, mucho)

Formal address (usted, ustedes)

Direct object pronouns (lo, la, los, las)

The near future (ir a)

Obligation (tener que)

Present continuous (-ando, -iendo)

Affirmative commands (tú, vosotros)

Basic Food and Drink

The Human Body: Head and Arms

The Human Body: Legs and Health

Wardrobe Essentials

Fresh Produce

Meals and Proteins

Public Transport

Hello and goodbye (hola, ¿qué tal?)

Thank you, sorry, OK (gracias, vale)

There is, there are (hay)

My building (la escalera, el ascensor)

Describing people (moreno, rubio, tímido)

Land and sea (el mar, el río, el norte)

Sightseeing (la plaza, la catedral)

Asking the way (cerca, a la derecha, todo recto)

In class (¿puedes repetir?)

Verb + infinitive (quiero comer, sé leer)

What's your name? (me llamo, encantado)

Phone, computer and email

Hundreds and thousands (doscientos, mil)

What do you do? (¿a qué te dedicas?)

Personal details (la edad, la fecha de nacimiento)

Me neither (también, tampoco, ni)

How much is it? (el precio, la vuelta)

What's the weather like? (hace sol, nieva)

Free time (el concierto, el tenis)

At the bar (¿qué vas a tomar?)

The Natural World

Demonstratives (este, ese, aquel)

Prepositions of place (encima de, debajo de)

Prepositional pronouns (para mí, contigo)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primero to décimo)

Adverbs of frequency (a veces, nunca)

Exclamations (¡qué...!)

Indefinite pronouns (algo, alguien)

Indefinite determiners (algún, ningún)

Indirect object pronouns (le, les)

Double object pronouns (me lo, te la)

Double object pronouns (se lo, se la)

Verbs of preference (encantar, interesar)

Impersonal obligation (hay que)

Starting and finishing actions (empezar a, terminar de)

Adjective comparatives (más que, menos que)

Comparatives of equality (tan como)

Noun comparatives (tanto como)

Irregular comparatives (mejor, peor, mayor, menor)

Question	Answer
to sleep	dormir
the bed	la cama
The dog sleeps on the bed.	El perro duerme en la cama.
late	tarde
I work a lot and sleep late.	Trabajo mucho y duermo tarde.
the night	la noche
Do you sleep here at night?	¿Vosotros dormís aquí de noche?
to be able to	poder
I cannot open the door.	No puedo abrir la puerta.
Can you help?	¿Puedes ayudar?
to find	encontrar
They do not find the key.	Ellos no encuentran la llave.
something	algo
We find something in the bed.	Encontramos algo en la cama.
to return	volver
He returns to the hotel late.	Él vuelve al hotel tarde.
When do you return to the city?	¿Cuándo vuelves a la ciudad?
to remember	recordar
the name	el nombre
I do not remember the name.	No recuerdo el nombre.
Does she remember something?	¿Ella recuerda algo?
The night is very beautiful.	La noche es muy bonita.
What is the name of the new student?	¿Cuál es el nombre del estudiante nuevo?