Question 1

Could I use hasta instead of incluso in this sentence?

Accepted Answer

Yes, absolutely. In affirmative statements like this one, incluso and hasta both mean 'even' and are completely interchangeable. You could say Hasta con el piñón nuevo... and it would carry the exact same meaning and tone.

Question 2

I learned that aun also means 'even'. Could I use it here instead of incluso?

Accepted Answer

Yes, you could say Aun con el piñón nuevo..., but incluso and hasta are much more common in everyday spoken Spanish for expressing 'even'. Keep in mind that when it means 'even', aun is written without an accent mark. When written with an accent (aún), it translates to 'still' or 'yet'.

Question 3

What exactly are a piñón and a desnivel in this context?

Accepted Answer

This sentence is almost certainly about cycling. A piñón is a sprocket, cog, or gear (specifically the rear gears on a bike), and desnivel refers to a gradient, slope, or difference in elevation. The speaker is saying that even with an easier gear installed, the hill is simply too steep to climb.

Question 4

Why do we use es imposible instead of está imposible? Isn't the attempt to climb it a temporary event?

Accepted Answer

While your attempt to climb the hill is happening right now, the impossibility is viewed as a fundamental fact about the hill itself. Adjectives like posible, imposible, necesario, and fácil almost always use ser because they express an inherent characteristic or reality of a situation, rather than a temporary state.

Incluso con el piñón nuevo, este desnivel es imposible.

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