Learn Spanish (Latin America): Uno vuelve a golpear la misma debilidad.

Here, uno is used as an impersonal pronoun, much like 'one' or the generic 'you' in English. It is used with the third-person singular verb (vuelve) to talk about a general human experience that also includes the speaker. If a woman is speaking, she could also use the feminine form and say una vuelve.

Why does the sentence use vuelve a golpear to say 'strikes again'? Couldn't I just say golpea otra vez?

You could say golpea otra vez, but Spanish has a very common built-in shortcut for doing things again: the verb volver + a + an infinitive verb. So, vuelve a golpear literally means 'returns to strike', which translates smoothly to 'strikes again'.

Why does misma come before debilidad? I thought adjectives go after the noun.

While descriptive adjectives (like colors or shapes) usually go after the noun, adjectives that indicate identity or quantity almost always go before the noun. Misma (same) is an adjective of identity, so it sits right in front of debilidad.

How do I know that debilidad is a feminine noun?

Nouns ending in -dad are always feminine, which is why it uses la and misma. This suffix is often the Spanish equivalent of English words ending in '-ty' or '-ness' (like weakness, reality, or liberty).