Breakdown of ¿Cuántos libros tienen ustedes?
tener
to have
el libro
the book
ustedes
you (plural)
cuánto
how much / how many
Questions & Answers about ¿Cuántos libros tienen ustedes?
Why does the word for "how many" end in an "s" here?
The question word cuánto changes to match the noun it describes. Since libros (books) is masculine and plural, you use the masculine plural form cuántos. If you were asking about apples (manzanas), you would use cuántas.
Why do we use tienen for "you have"? Isn't that the form for "they"?
Why is ustedes placed at the very end of the sentence?
In Spanish questions, the subject pronoun usually comes after the verb. While a normal statement would be ustedes tienen (you have), a question flips the order to tienen ustedes (do you have).
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