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### Further back in the past

**Demult** (long ago) answers the question *când?* (when?). Spell it as one word. Written as two words, **de mult** means *for a long time* and answers *de când?* (since when?): *N-a mai venit de mult* (He hasn't come in a long time). **Cândva** is *at some point*, and it can point to the past or to the future.

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### Recently, now, for now

| expression | meaning |
|---|---|
| **de curând** | recently |
| **în prezent** | at present, currently |
| **deocamdată** | for now, for the time being |

**În prezent** describes the current state of things and sounds a little formal. **Deocamdată** suggests that things may change later. Said to a waiter, *deocamdată nu* is a polite *not for now*.

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### Then and later

**Pe urmă** (then, afterwards) is a conversational alternative to *apoi* and *după aceea*. **Mai târziu** (later) is the everyday word. **Ulterior** (later on, subsequently) belongs to reports, news and formal storytelling. **Mai târziu** also follows a length of time: *două ore mai târziu* (two hours later).

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### Again

**Iarăși** means the same as *din nou* (again). It can stand before the verb or after it.

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Recently, for now, later (de curând, deocamdată, mai târziu)

adjective

adverb

adverbial phrase

auxiliary

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The verb to be and definite articles (a fi, -ul, -le)

Feminine definite articles (-a, -ua)

Indefinite articles (un, o)

Negative sentences (nu)

Question words (ce, unde, cine)

The verb to have (a avea)

Masculine plural nouns (-i, -ii)

Feminine plural nouns (-e, -i, -le)

Neuter plural nouns (-uri, -e, -le)

Adjectives and agreement

Present tense of regular -a verbs

Present tense of -a verbs with suffix (-ez)

Present tense of regular -i and -î verbs

Present tense of -i and -î verbs with suffix (-esc / -ăsc)

Present tense of -ea and -e verbs

Reflexive pronouns (mă, te, se, ne, vă)

Accusative prepositions (în, la, pe, din, cu)

Likes and dislikes (îmi place)

Possessive adjectives (meu, tău, său)

Third-person possessives (lui, ei, lor)

Possessive articles (al, a, ai, ale)

Formal politeness (dumneavoastră)

Demonstrative adjectives (acest, acel)

Numbers 1 to 10

The number two (doi, două)

Numbers 11 to 20

Counting by tens to 100

Quantifying large numbers (de)

The subjunctive (să)

Third-person subjunctive (să)

Direct object pronouns (îl, o, îi, le)

Personal direct objects (pe)

Days of the week

Telling time (e ora...)

Months of the Year (January to June)

Months of the Year (July to December)

The Four Seasons

Weather Conditions

Rooms in a House

Basic Body Parts: Upper Body

Basic Body Parts: Limbs

Everyday Clothing

Basic Foods: Groceries

Fruits and Vegetables

Around Town

Getting Around

Setting the Table

A Colorful World

Common Animals

In the Wild

Jobs and Careers

Everyday Tech

Describing people (tânăr, bătrân, înalt)

Asking when and why (când, de ce, care)

Hello and goodbye (bună ziua, la revedere)

Coming and going (intra, sta, trece)

Where is it? (sub, lângă, între)

Knowing and thinking (știu că, cred că)

Sorry, welcome, congratulations (îmi pare rău, la mulți ani)

Introducing yourself (mă numesc, sunt din România)

How much and how many (puțin, prea, doar)

Can and may (pot merge, pot să merg)

If and whether (dacă)

At school and university

Irregular verbs in the present (vrea, lua, da, bea, sta)

Free time and sport

How much is it? (cât costă, câți, câte)

Before and after (înainte, după, până)

At the doctor (mă doare)

Meals of the day (micul dejun, prânzul, cina)

At the restaurant

Ability and permission (a putea să)

Obligation and necessity (trebuie să)

Desires and intentions (a vrea să)

Impersonal statements (se)

Adverbs of frequency (adesea, uneori)

Conjunctions for reasons and links (pentru că, deci)

Stressed accusative pronouns (pe mine, pe tine)

Indefinite pronouns (cineva, ceva)

Negative pronouns and double negation (nimeni, nimic)

The past tense auxiliary (am, ai, a)

The past tense (am, ai, a)

Regular past participles (-at, -it)

Regular past participles (-ut, -s, -t)

Negative past tense (nu am)

Question	Answer
a long time ago	demult
We met a long time ago, at school.	Ne-am cunoscut demult, la școală.
A long time ago, there was a forest here.	Demult, aici era o pădure.
I finished school a long time ago.	Am terminat școala demult.
at some point, sometime (past or future)	cândva
Someday I'd like to live by the sea.	Cândva, aș vrea să locuiesc la mare.
We were good friends once.	Cândva am fost prieteni buni.
Let's meet up for coffee sometime!	Hai să ne vedem cândva la o cafea!
recently	de curând
I recently moved to this city.	M-am mutat de curând în acest oraș.
I recently found out that Maria got married.	Am aflat de curând că Maria s-a căsătorit.
at present, currently	în prezent
At present, I work as a teacher.	În prezent, lucrez ca profesor.
The museum is currently closed.	Muzeul este închis în prezent.
for now, for the time being	deocamdată
For now, I'm living with my parents.	Deocamdată locuiesc la părinți.
For the time being, we don't know anything.	Deocamdată nu știm nimic.
— Would you like anything else? — No, thank you, not for now.	— Mai doriți ceva? — Nu, mulțumesc, deocamdată nu.
then, afterwards (colloquial)	pe urmă
We'll eat and then go to the movies.	Mâncăm și pe urmă mergem la film.
First it rained, then the sun came out.	Mai întâi a plouat, pe urmă a ieșit soarele.
later	mai târziu
Let's talk later.	Vorbim mai târziu.
I'll call you later, I'm busy now.	Te sun mai târziu, acum sunt ocupat.
Two hours later, the train still hadn't arrived.	Două ore mai târziu, trenul nu sosise încă.
subsequently, later on (formal)	ulterior
Later on, I found out that he had lied.	Ulterior, am aflat că mințise.
The thief ran away, but he was caught later on.	Hoțul a fugit, dar a fost prins ulterior.
again (yet again)	iarăși
You're late again!	Iarăși ai întârziat!
It's raining again.	Plouă iarăși.
I've lost my keys again.	Am pierdut iarăși cheile.

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