Participles as adjectives (cartofi prăjiți, ușa deschisă)

From the passive to a plain adjective

In the last two lessons the past participle came after a fi: ușa este deschisă (the door is open). Take a fi away and put the participle straight after a noun, and it works like any other adjective: o ușă deschisă (an open door), o mașină folosită (a used car), banii pierduți (the lost money). It follows the noun and agrees with it in gender and number, exactly like nou or frumos.

Leave the door open, please.
Lasă ușa deschisă, te rog.
We're looking for a used car.
Căutăm o mașină folosită.
I found the lost money under the sofa.
Am găsit banii pierduți sub canapea.

Four forms

m. sg. / n. sg.f. sg.m. pl.f. pl. / n. pl.
usedfolositfolosităfolosițifolosite
lostpierdutpierdutăpierduțipierdute
opendeschisdeschisădeschișideschise

In the masculine plural, a final -t becomes -ți and a final -s becomes -și. Neuter nouns take the masculine form in the singular and the feminine form in the plural: geamul deschis, but geamurile sparte.

We sleep with the window open.
Dormim cu geamul deschis.
Who paid for the broken windows?
Cine a plătit geamurile sparte?

Short participles

A few participles you already know do not end in -at, -it or -ut. They agree in exactly the same way:

verbparticiplewith a noun
a scriescriso scrisoare scrisă
a deschidedeschiso farmacie deschisă
a spargespartun pahar spart
a coacecoptcartofi copți
I got a handwritten letter.
Am primit o scrisoare scrisă de mână.
The broken glass is on the table.
Paharul spart e pe masă.
The baked potatoes are tasty.
Cartofii copți sunt gustoși.

Who did it: de

Like the passive, a participle after a noun can name who did the action, with de (by).

I read the messages written by the children.
Am citit mesajele scrise de copii.

In the kitchen

Cooking participles are some of the most common adjectives of all. You already know cartofii prăjiți (French fries, literally fried potatoes); the same pattern gives pește prăjit (fried fish), cartofi copți (baked potatoes) and mâncare gătită acasă (home-cooked food).

Home-cooked food is healthier.
Mâncarea gătită acasă e mai sănătoasă.

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