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Não o vi enquanto estava a conduzir para a prisão.

Não o vi enquanto estava a conduzir para a prisão.
I didn't see him while I was driving to the prison.
From Lesson 87:The past continuous (estava a)·Portuguese (Portugal)

Questions & Answers about Não o vi enquanto estava a conduzir para a prisão.

Why does o come before vi in Não o vi?
In European Portuguese, object pronouns usually attach to the end of the verb. However, negative words like Não act as "magnets" that pull the pronoun to the front of the verb. If it wasn't a negative sentence, it would be Vi-o.
How do we know who was driving in estava a conduzir, since there is no word for "I"?
The verb estava tells us the subject is either "I", "he", "she", or "you" (formal). Because the speaker just said vi (I saw), context makes it clear that they are still talking about themselves: "I didn't see him while I was driving."
Why do we use the simple past vi but the past continuous estava a conduzir?
This is a very common pattern! You use the past continuous (estava a + infinitive) to set the scene with an ongoing background action ("was driving"). You use the simple past (vi) for the specific, short event that happened during that time.
Why does the sentence use para a instead of à (to the) before prisão?
The preposition para is used when talking about travelling to a destination, especially if you might stay there for a while. Using a (which combines with a to make à) would sound more like a brief visit or a quick round trip.

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