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Ele comeu não só todos os pêssegos, mas também os que eu comprei.

Ele comeu não só todos os pêssegos, mas também os que eu comprei.
He ate not only all the peaches, but also the ones that I bought.
From Lesson 338:Replacing nouns with articles (o de, a que)·Portuguese (Portugal)

Questions & Answers about Ele comeu não só todos os pêssegos, mas também os que eu comprei.

Why do we use os before que in this sentence?
Here, os acts as a demonstrative pronoun meaning "the ones" or "those". It replaces the noun pêssegos to avoid repetition. Because pêssegos is masculine plural, we use the masculine plural pronoun os to match it before the relative pronoun que.
Is não só... mas também... a fixed phrase?
Yes, this is a very common correlative conjunction that translates exactly to "not only... but also...". Just like in English, it is used to link and emphasize two related points, which in this case are the two groups of peaches he ate.
Why is it todos os pêssegos instead of just todos pêssegos?
In Portuguese, when plural todos means "all of the" and refers to a specific group, it must be followed by the definite article (in this case, os) before the noun. Leaving out the article is a common English speaker mistake, but it sounds unnatural in Portuguese.
Could I say aqueles que instead of os que?
Yes, you could say aqueles que eu comprei ("those that I bought") and the meaning would be practically identical. However, using the short demonstrative os (or o/a/as) before que or de is incredibly common in everyday Portuguese and is the most natural way to express "the ones that".

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