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Portuguese (Portugal)

### Asking and Telling the Time

To ask for the time in Portuguese, we literally ask "What hours are they?"

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When telling the time, use the verb **ser** (to be). Because the word for hour (**a hora**) is feminine, use feminine numbers like one (**uma**) and two (**duas**).

- Use the singular **é** for one o'clock.
- Use the plural **são** for all other hours (two o'clock and onwards).

To clarify the time of day, add **da manhã** (in the morning), **da tarde** (in the afternoon), or **da noite** (in the evening/night).

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### Half Past, Noon, and Midnight

To say "half past", add **e meia** after the hour. This literally means "and a half", referring to a half-hour (**meia hora**).

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Portuguese has specific words for noon (**o meio-dia**) and midnight (**a meia-noite**). Because these represent a single point in time, they also use the singular verb **é**.

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### Saying "At" a Specific Time

To ask what time an event happens, start with the preposition **a** (to / at), asking **A que horas...?** (At what time...?).

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When stating that something happens *at* a certain time, combine the preposition **a** with the definite article for the time you are referring to.

| Time | Contraction | Explanation | Example |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1:00 or midnight | **à** | **a** + **a** (fem. sg.) | à uma, à meia-noite |
| 2:00 onwards | **às** | **a** + **as** (fem. pl.) | às duas, às nove |
| noon | **ao** | **a** + **o** (masc. sg.) | ao meio-dia |

Examples stating exactly when an event happens:

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Telling time (é uma, são...)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Already and not yet (já, ainda não)

Question	Answer
what (before a noun)	que
the hour	a hora
What time is it now?	Que horas são agora?
one	um
the afternoon	a tarde
It is one in the afternoon.	É uma da tarde.
the morning	a manhã
It is three in the morning.	São três da manhã.
half	meio
It is half past four.	São quatro e meia.
to / at (direction)	a
At what time do you open the shop?	A que horas abres a loja?
at the (fem. sg.) / to the (fem. sg.)	à
The shop opens at one.	A loja abre à uma.
At what time does the train leave?	A que horas parte o comboio?
the midnight	a meia-noite
The train leaves at midnight.	O comboio parte à meia-noite.
I do not drink milk at midnight.	Eu não bebo leite à meia-noite.
the noon	o meio-dia
The family eats at noon.	A família come ao meio-dia.
It is noon and we are tired.	É meio-dia e nós estamos cansados.
at the (fem. pl.) / to the (fem. pl.)	às
the night	a noite
at night	à noite
The students study at eight at night.	Os alunos estudam às oito da noite.
The school opens at half past nine.	A escola abre às nove e meia.
We work at ten in the morning.	Nós trabalhamos às dez da manhã.
Does the doctor work at five in the afternoon?	O médico trabalha às cinco da tarde?
My father drinks milk at night.	O meu pai bebe leite à noite.
in the morning	de manhã
I work in the morning.	Eu trabalho de manhã.
In the morning I drink coffee.	De manhã bebo café.
At night I eat at home.	À noite eu como em casa.
We talk at night.	Nós falamos à noite.
in the afternoon	à tarde
He studies in the afternoon.	Ele estuda à tarde.
In the afternoon we eat the cake.	À tarde nós comemos o bolo.
the day	o dia
The day has twenty-four hours.	O dia tem vinte e quatro horas.
Today is a beautiful day.	Hoje é um dia bonito.
the minute	o minuto
I study thirty minutes.	Eu estudo trinta minutos.
The train leaves in five minutes.	O comboio parte em cinco minutos.

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