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Portuguese (Portugal)

### Timing Future Events

When you want to say that something will happen *when*, *as soon as*, or *while* another future event occurs, you use a temporal clause. In Portuguese, when these time clauses refer to an event that hasn't happened yet, the verb must be in the **future subjunctive** (*futuro do conjuntivo*).

The main clause (the action that results) is usually in the future tense or uses *ir* + infinitive.

Here are the most common time expressions that trigger the future subjunctive when talking about the future:
- **quando** (when)
- **enquanto** (while)
- **assim que** (as soon as)
- **logo que** (as soon as)

### Using *Quando*

For regular verbs, the future subjunctive is identical to the infinitive for the *eu* and *ele/ela/você* forms. For *nós*, add **-mos**, and for *eles/elas/vocês*, add **-em**.

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### Expressing "As Soon As"

If you want to emphasize that an action will happen immediately after another, you can use **assim que** or **logo que**. Both mean "as soon as" and are used interchangeably.

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### Expressing "While"

To talk about two actions happening at the same time in the future, use **enquanto** (while).

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### Irregular Verbs in Temporal Clauses

Just like with conditional *se* clauses, irregular verbs have a special base in the future subjunctive. Once you know the irregular base, you simply add the regular endings. 

Here are three common irregular verbs you will often use:
- **ter** (to have) uses the base **tiver-**
- **ver** (to see) uses the base **vir-**
- **estar** (to be) uses the base **estiver-**

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Future temporal clauses (quando, assim que)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
as soon as	logo que
the wristband	a pulseira
the festival	o festival
I am happy, but as soon as I have the wristband, I will enter the festival.	Estou feliz, mas logo que tiver a pulseira, entrarei no festival.
When the festival starts, we will enjoy the music.	Quando o festival começar, aproveitaremos a música.
the venue	o recinto
the beer	a cerveja
As soon as we enter the venue, we will buy a beer.	Assim que entrarmos no recinto, compraremos uma cerveja.
While the band plays, we will stay near the stage.	Enquanto a banda tocar, ficaremos ao pé do palco.
the camping	o campismo
When we arrive at the campsite, we will have to pitch the tent.	Quando chegarmos ao campismo, teremos de montar a tenda.
As soon as we receive the wristbands, we will enter the venue.	Logo que recebermos as pulseiras, entraremos no recinto.
the energy	a energia
When the band goes on stage, the energy will be incredible.	Quando a banda subir ao palco, a energia será incrível.
The wristband? You have to show it as soon as you enter the venue.	A pulseira? Tens de mostrá-la assim que entrares no recinto.
While we wait for our friends, we will drink a beer.	Enquanto esperarmos pelos nossos amigos, beberemos uma cerveja.
As soon as the concert ends, we will not stay in the venue.	Logo que o concerto acabar, não ficaremos no recinto.
When we arrive at the tent, we will sleep immediately.	Quando chegarmos à tenda, dormiremos imediatamente.
excited	animado
When the concert starts, the crowd will be excited.	Quando o concerto começar, a multidão ficará animada.
the lineup	o cartaz
main	principal
When I see the poster, I will know which is the main band.	Quando eu vir o cartaz, vou saber qual é a banda principal.
When the campsite is lively, the energy will be fantastic.	Quando o campismo estiver animado, a energia vai ser fantástica.
As soon as they announce the main poster, we will buy the ticket.	Logo que anunciarem o cartaz principal, vamos comprar o bilhete.
whenever	sempre que
Whenever you go to Lisbon, call me.	Sempre que fores a Lisboa, liga-me.
Whenever it rains, I stay home.	Sempre que chove, fico em casa.

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