Learn Italian: Sai se Marco conosce il borgo dove abbiamo trascorso il fine settimana? - Do you know if Marco knows the village where we spent the weekend?

Yes, absolutely! Dove is very commonly used as a relative pronoun for places, meaning "where" or "in which". You could perfectly say ...il borgo in cui abbiamo trascorso... (the village in which we spent...). Dove is just a bit more direct and conversational in everyday Italian.

Why does this sentence use both sai and conosce for the verb "to know"?

They have different meanings! Sapere (here as sai) is used for knowing facts or information, like knowing whether something is true. Conoscere (here as conosce) is used for being familiar with a person, place, or thing, like being familiar with the village (il borgo).

Could I use speso instead of trascorso for "spent"?

No, because Italian distinguishes between spending money and spending time. Use spendere (past participle: speso) for money, but you must use trascorrere (past participle: trascorso) or passare when talking about spending time, like il fine settimana (the weekend).

What is the difference between borgo and paese?

While both can translate to "village" or "town", a borgo specifically refers to a historic, often walled or medieval village. Italy is famous for its borghi. A paese is a more general word for a town or village, and it can also mean "country".