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Marco ha studiato la reazione, dunque ha cambiato l'ipotesi.

Marco ha studiato la reazione, dunque ha cambiato l'ipotesi.
Marco studied the reaction, so he changed the hypothesis.
From Lesson 156:Result conjunctions (quindi, perciò, dunque)·Italian

Questions & Answers about Marco ha studiato la reazione, dunque ha cambiato l'ipotesi.

Can I use quindi or perciò instead of dunque in this sentence?
Yes! Dunque, quindi, and perciò all mean 'so' or 'therefore' and are generally interchangeable to show result or consequence. Dunque can sometimes sound slightly more formal or conclusive, but any of them would work perfectly here to connect Marco's studying to his next action.
Why is it ha cambiato instead of è cambiato?
Great memory! The verb cambiare (to change) can take either avere or essere in the past tense. When someone changes something (a direct object), you use avere—here, Marco changed the hypothesis. If Marco himself had changed, you would use essere (Marco è cambiato).
Why isn't the subject repeated as 'dunque lui ha cambiato'?
In Italian, you usually drop subject pronouns like lui (he) because the verb form already makes it clear. Since Marco is the subject of the first action, it is naturally understood that he is the one doing the second action, so there is no need to add lui after dunque.
What gender is ipotesi, and how do you make it plural?
Ipotesi is a feminine noun, which is why it uses l' (short for the feminine article la before a vowel). Nouns ending in -i in the singular are usually 'invariable', meaning their endings don't change in the plural. To say 'the hypotheses', you just change the article: le ipotesi.

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