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### Verbs with -isc-

While some **-ire** verbs are completely regular, many belong to a special group that inserts **-isc-** between the stem and the ending. This happens in all singular forms (**io**, **tu**, **lui / lei / Lei**) and the third-person plural (**loro**).

The **noi** and **voi** forms do not get the extra **-isc-**; they behave exactly like regular **-ire** verbs.

| Pronoun | Ending | Example: capire (to understand) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **io** | -isco | capisco |
| **tu** | -isci | capisci |
| **lui / lei / Lei** | -isce | capisce |
| **noi** | -iamo | capiamo |
| **voi** | -ite | capite |
| **loro** | -iscono | capiscono |

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### Other common -isc- verbs

This is a very common pattern in Italian. Other important **-isc-** verbs include **finire** (to finish), **pulire** (to clean), **preferire** (to prefer), and **spedire** (to send).

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Verbs with -isc- (capisco, capisci, capisce)

adjective

adjective/adverb

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

Subject pronouns and the verb to be (io sono)

Singular definite articles (il, la)

Singular demonstratives (questo, questa)

Basic verbal negation (non)

Yes/No questions

Coordinating conjunctions (e, ma, o)

Regular plurals and definite articles (-i, -e, i, le)

Plural verb to be (noi siamo, voi siete)

Plural demonstratives (questi, queste)

Nouns ending in -e

Special singular articles (lo, l')

The plural article (gli)

Special indefinite articles (uno, un')

Demonstrative adjectives (quello, quella)

Adjective endings (-o, -a, -i, -e)

Expressing quantity (molto, poco, tanto)

The verb to have (ho, hai, ha...)

There is / there are (c'è, ci sono)

The preposition of (di)

Singular possessives (il mio, la mia)

Numbers 1 to 10 (uno, due, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (undici, dodici...)

Numbers 21 to 100 (trenta, quaranta...)

Idiomatic avere (avere fame, avere anni)

Plural possessive adjectives (i miei, le mie)

Possessives with family members (mio padre)

Formal address (dare del Lei)

Present tense of -are verbs (-o, -i, -a)

Question words (chi, cosa, dove)

Present tense of -ere verbs (-o, -i, -e)

Question words (quando, come, perché)

Question word agreement (quanto, quanta, quanti, quante)

Regular -ire verbs

Pronouns after prepositions (me, te, lui)

The verb fare (faccio, fai, fa)

The verb andare (vado, vai, va)

The verb stare (sto, stai, sta)

The verb venire (vengo, vieni, viene)

The verb uscire (esco, esci, esce)

Location and destination (a, in)

Origin and movement (da)

Articulated prepositions with a (al, alla)

Articulated prepositions with in (nel, nella)

Articulated prepositions with di and da (del, dal)

Simple prepositions (con, per, su, tra)

Articulated prepositions with su (sul, sulla)

Months of the year

Telling time (sono le...)

Dates (il + number)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (primo, secondo, terzo...)

The verb to want (volere)

The verb can (potere)

The verb must (dovere)

The verb to know (sapere)

Reflexive verbs (mi lavo, ti lavi)

Indirect object pronouns (gli, le, ci...)

Expressing preferences (mi piace)

Plural preferences (mi piacciono)

Comparatives (più... di, meno... di)

The passato prossimo with avere (ho parlato)

Irregular past participles (fatto, letto, preso)

The passato prossimo with essere (sono andato)

Reflexive verbs in the past (mi sono svegliato)

Time adverbs with the past tense (già, mai, ancora)

Third-person direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le)

First and second-person direct object pronouns (mi, ti, ci, vi)

The four seasons

Prepositions of place (vicino a, davanti a)

Conversational words (beh, allora, davvero)

Indefinite adjectives for some (qualche, alcuni)

Indefinite adjectives for every and all (ogni, tutti)

Indefinite pronouns (qualcosa, qualcuno)

Noun suffixes (-ino, -one)

Adverbs of manner (-mente)

Comparisons of equality (così... come)

The relative superlative (il più)

The absolute superlative (-issimo)

Irregular comparatives (migliore, peggiore)

Present progressive (stare + -ando, -endo)

Imminent actions (stare per)

The locative pronoun (ci)

The partitive pronoun (ne)

Pronoun placement with modal verbs

Impersonal subjects (si)

Prepositions of time (da, per, tra, fra)

Past participle agreement with pronouns

Past tense of modal verbs

Question	Answer
to understand	capire
everything	tutto
immediately / right away	subito
I understand everything right away.	Capisco tutto subito.
Why don't you understand the problem?	Perché non capisci il problema?
to finish	finire
the lesson	la lezione
When does the lesson finish?	Quando finisce la lezione?
The teacher finishes the lesson late.	L'insegnante finisce la lezione tardi.
the dinner	la cena
We are leaving now, but they are finishing dinner.	Partiamo ora, ma loro finiscono la cena.
to clean	pulire
He eats, and I clean the table.	Lui mangia e io pulisco il tavolo.
to prefer	preferire
the tea	il tè
Does she prefer tea or coffee?	Lei preferisce il tè o il caffè?
I prefer these paintings.	Preferisco questi quadri.
This tea is very hot!	Questo tè è molto caldo!
Marco always cleans the car.	Marco pulisce sempre la macchina.
to send	spedire
Do you send the letter today?	Spedisci la lettera oggi?
The office sends the documents.	L'ufficio spedisce i documenti.
I finish dinner immediately.	Finisco la cena subito.
The child does not understand everything.	Il bambino non capisce tutto.